Minorities At Risk (MAR) Albanians, Kurds, and Sri Lankan Tamils, and many indigenous peoples. against moderateHutus and all tutsi during the of the Republic of New africa against the http://www.cidcm.umd.edu/inscr/mar/update.htm
Extractions: MAR Project Update First , in late 2001, the project received a grant from the Carnegie Corporation for a 30-month effort to deepen and extend its analyses of self-determination movements by ethnonationalists such as Albanians, Kurds, and Sri Lankan Tamils, and many indigenous peoples. The project was designed by the MAR project's founding director, Ted Robert Gurr, and will be coordinated by (current director) Christian Davenport and (MAR board member) Monty G. Marshall. These are the central research questions: 1) Which minorities, under which conditions, are most likely to claim the right to autonomy or independence? 3) What are the barriers to implementation, and the consequences when agreements are not carried through? Second Third Fourth Fifth Topics covered: definition, data collection method, sampling, appropriate research questions and appropriate methodologies - Version 1 (with selected methodologists and country/regional Experts) What do we have (what research questions could be answered)?
U.N. Information: General Information On The United Nations because of the perception generally held by tutsi leaders in Central africa thatGarretón nationality related to the status of indigenous peoples in the http://www.hri.ca/uninfo/unchr97/africa.shtml
Extractions: Liberia ... Sudan The interim report to the 1996 General Assembly reflects the findings of a field mission by the Special Rapporteur from 1 to 17 July 1996, one week before the coup that brought Major Pierre Buyoya to power and led to the temporary suspension of the National Assembly and political parties. The assessment is clear, with the report stating that the conditions identified in previous reports ... have been deteriorating markedly. The human rights situation in Burundi has assumed catastrophic proportions, with its endless stream of targeted assassinations, arbitrary arrests, forced disappearances, looting, crime and the destruction of private property. While it is true that Burundi currently is being torn apart by civil war, it should be noted at the outset that the resulting violence and unrest can be attributed to certain actors or parties: first and foremost to the armed forces and the security forces, next, to the militias, which are related to them, and, lastly, to an armed opposition that itself comprises various groups. All these actors are responsible, although to varying degrees, for the grave violations of human rights and international humanitarian law which are being perpetrated.
Habitat Debate Vol. 4 No. 4 Settlements; Housing as a Right; Disability, indigenous peoples and Youth on policyin the context of Southern africa. in Rwanda, both Hutu and tutsi women get http://www.unhabitat.org/HD/hdv4n4/pubvid.htm
Extractions: Published by GROOTS (Toronto), with the support of the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation, the Women, Homes and Community Super Coalition and the Huairou Commission, 1998. Grassroots women had to struggle to be heard during the United Nations Conference on Human Settlements (Habitat II) held in Istanbul in 1996. Now, in Canada, they have transformed that Conferences formal document, the Habitat Agenda , into an idea-filled, easy-to-use tool for improving the health, safety and sustainability of Canadian communities. Before leaving Istanbul, the women pledged themselves to putting the Agenda to work at home. Keeping Canadas Commitments Alive: A Community Guide to Habitat II makes good on the promises. Intended to bring the debates and the conclusions of Habitat II back to Canadian NGOs, community groups and activists, this guide clearly and briefly describes the United Nations structure around Habitat II, and it focuses on certain issues: Gender and Human Settlements, Health and Human Settlements; Housing as a Right; Disability, Indigenous Peoples and Youth; Environment and Human Settlements; and Capacity-Building. For each subject, it summarizes the issues, chooses the most pertinent language of the Agenda and explains it in simple language. Then, in one of its most valuable features, it offers abundant examples of how groups governmental and non-governmental working alone or in partnership are actively making the Habitat ideal real in Canada.
RWANDA the other ethnic groups in Rwanda, the tutsi community was purports to uphold therights of indigenous people against As in South africa, our peoples have been http://www.un.org/WCAR/statements/rwandaE.htm
Extractions: Your Excellency President Thabo Mbeki; Your Excellencies Heads of State and Government; Madam Mary Robinson, United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights; Distinguished Ladies and Gentlemen; Let me begin by paying tribute to the People and Government of the Republic of South Africa for hosting this Conference Against Racism. May I also thank the United Nations, in particular, Mrs. Robinson for their contribution in rendering this Conference a success. This is indeed a very important Conference for the world community, a Conference that has particular meaning for those of us in Rwanda and in the Great Lakes region in general. We know the horror and destruction borne of racism and the difficulties of trying to overcome deep-rooted prejudice. We know that our future peace and stability depend upon gaining acceptance of the values of tolerance and diversity within our individual countries, and across the region as a whole. We are also aware, of course, that the lives of our fellow-Africans elsewhere have been marked by the scourge of racist attitudes and behaviour, nowhere more poignantly than in South Africa itself. For this reason, it is especially significant that we are gathered together here in Durban. This city and this country are a salutary reminder of the dangers of racism. But South Africa is also an encouraging symbol of what can be achieved when a people unite to safeguard their shared future, when Africans join hands across the continent and when the world rejects a political system which is an offence to our common humanity. Debating the critical issues on the agenda of this conference in South Africa will, I am sure, be an inspiration to all of us. It will be a constant reminder that the most insurmountable obstacles can be overcome; that tolerance, dignity and decency can win the day, provided we continue to cherish that vision and work together as a world community to make it a reality for all our peoples. I would therefore like to add my voice to the other speakers who have expressed their
Netherlands Institute Of Human Rights (SIM) of emergency, amnesties and the claims of indigenous peoples. South africa still lacksrefugee legislation the armed forces (from the minority tutsi group) and http://www.law.uu.nl/english/sim/library/acq9803.asp
Extractions: Day 1: Tuesday, June 19 2001 I flew in late over Cape Town last night. The lights of the so-called Mother City were spread out across the velvet blackness of approaching midnight - diamond-bright in what, despite democracy having come seven years ago, remain the "white" suburbs, and firefly-dim in what is still the paraffin gloom of the black townships. Our lexicon of separateness endures. Suburb. Township. And despite the emergence of a tiny black elite over the past few years, for most South Africans our physical separateness continues.
Summer Conference 1994: Maybury-Lewis that treated the tribes of africa and other treaties about the racial distinctionsbetween tutsi and Hutu After all, the indigenous peoples of the world have http://www.couch.ca/history/1994/MayburyLewis.html
Extractions: History Table of Contents 1994 Summer Conference Summer Conference 1994 Globalism and Tribalism: The New World Disorder? For me it is a great honour to be invited to attend to what I take to be a truly Canadian tribal gathering. I am also a little concerned because maybe some of you are hoping that since I am the anthropologist, I am going to somehow set the record straight on tribalism. Well,alas, I am going to disappoint you. There is no right way to talk about tribalism. In fact, anthropologists don't talk about it at all these days. The word tribe has disappeared from the anthropological literature entirely. All I can do today is to take a hard look at our uses, or rather misuses of the term tribalism, and ask you to reflect on what this tells us about ourselves and the world we live in. I find it an extraordinary irony that we are in fact so pessimistic about the world we live in. Iimagine that 10 years ago someone came along and said to you, you know in 10 years time the Soviet Union will have imploded, the threat of nuclear war will no longer hang over us; Germany will be reunified; apartheid will be abolished in South Africa; etc, etc, etc
Africa: Outline Of History BC and 1500, Bantuspeaking peoples became dominant over and social organization ofthe indigenous population million persons was overthrown by tutsi-led forces http://www.factmonster.com/ce6/world/A0856495.html
Extractions: Encyclopedia Africa Africa has the longest human history of any continent. African hominids date from at least 4 million years ago; agriculture, brought from SW Asia, appears to date from the 6th or 5th millennium B.C. Africa's first great civilization began in Egypt in 3400 B.C. ; other ancient centers were Kush and Aksum. Phoenicians established Carthage in the 9th cent. B.C. and probably explored the northwestern coast as far as the Canary Islands by the 1st cent. B.C. Romans conquered Carthage in 146 B.C. and controlled N Africa until the 4th cent. A.D. Arabs began their conquest in the 7th cent. and, except in Ethiopia, Muslim traders extended the religion of Islam across N Africa and S across the Sahara into the great medieval kingdoms of the W Sudan. The earliest of these kingdoms, which drew their wealth and power from the control of a lucrative trans-Saharan trade in gold, salt, and slaves, was ancient Ghana, already thriving when first recorded by Arabs in the 8th cent. In the 13th cent. Ghana was conquered and incorporated into the kingdom of ancient Mali, famous for its gold and its wealthy capital of Timbuktu. In the late 15th cent. Mali was eclipsed by the Songhai empire and lost many provinces but remained an autonomous kingdom. There are few written accounts of the southern half of the continent before 1500, but it appears from linguistic and archaeological evidence that the older inhabitants were gradually absorbed or displaced by agricultural, iron-working peoples speaking related
Africa Abstract drought, famine and disease conspired to promote the indigenous form of strugglethat has unfolded between the Hutu and tutsi peoples of Central africa. http://www.icltd.org/africa_abstract.htm
Extractions: AN ABSTRACT HISTORY OF SUB-SAHARAN AFRICAN Introduction The following abstract is based on the book, "Africa: A Biography of the Continent" by John Reader (1998). Mr. Reader was born in London in 1937. He lived and traveled in Africa for many years. Students are encouraged to read Mr. Reader's book. In the meantime, the following abstract highlights some of the most important trends and events detailed in his workevents that occurred in Africa from the geological birth of the continent almost 3 billion years ago to the mid-1990's. The student is directed to review the Definitions Companion and Questions Supplement accompanying this Abstract, which should make reading easier. The Abstract The Land topography of the African continent is wide ranging. North Africa is dry and arid and dominated by deserts. Central and southern Africa is a combination of jungle, mountains and wide-open ranges called savanna profound affect on African history. The Cradle of Life Recent research has shown Africa to be the cradle of life, providing the environment in which modern humans evolved. This development was closely associated with the changing environmental and climatic forces that, in turn, affected the food supply and the competition for survival.
Research Reports On Africa - 007-025 Papers On africa Page 26 of 38. like the reservations of North Americasown indigenous peoples. the history of Rwanda, the tutsiHutu conflict which http://www.a1reports.net/categories/007-025.html
Extractions: A 5 page paper which discusses various elements of North Africa. The paper addresses population, political conditions, economic conditions, occupations, and other pertinent information. The following also discusses how this region can improve its position from a domestic and global perspective. Bibliography lists 3 sources. 8 pages of slide contents and speaker notes for an 8-slide Power Point presentation on this topic, specifically as it is affected by the worldwide nursing shortage. The shortage of available nurses in developing countries puts even more pressure on accessibility of health care, and it encourages nursing education to be truncated so that students can fill vacancies more quickly. The situation likely is worst in Africa, particularly in those nations in which the AIDS epidemic is worst. The presentation uses Ethiopia to illustrate. Bibliography lists 9 sources.
Films & Video Recordings On AFRICA new government largely comprised of tutsi extremists communism, apartheid in SouthAfrica, discrimination in and the associations of indigenous peoples who seek http://www.info.library.yorku.ca/depts/smil/filmographies/africa.htm
Extractions: Fax:416-736-5838 Fall/Winter Hours: Summer Hours: Please note the following abbreviations: MP : 16mm film VC : VHS videotape VC 3/4 : 3/4" videotape AFRICA SERIES 52 min. each 1984 RM Arts Prod. 1. DIFFERENT BUT EQUAL VC #1206 and #4494 Traces the early history of the continent noting that some of the world's greatest prehistoric civilizations had their origins in Africa. 2. MASTERING A CONTINENT VC #1207 and #4494 Examines how African farmers created a viable way of life in an often hostile environment. 3. CARAVANS OF GOLD
The Identity Crisis In Africa: The Way Forward in the external physical characteristics of the peoples of the same treatment andrights as the indigenous people of differentiating between a Hutu and a tutsi. http://www.aaps.co.zw/Publications/AIJP/Akintola.html
Extractions: The Identity Crisis in Africa: The Way Forward Akintola Bukola University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa. African Association of Political Science th Biennial Congress Yaounde, Cameroon, June 19-22, 2001. INTRODUCTION As Mercer (1990: 4) rightly points out, identity only becomes an issue when it is in crisis, when something assumed to be fixed, coherent and stable is replaced by the expectancy of doubt and uncertainty. The African continent is undergoing a crisis of identity. The concepts of nationhood, statehood and citizenship have undergone different interpretations in political discourse. Attempts have been made to answer such questions as: What is the nation in Africa? Where is the nation in Africa? What constitutes citizenship in Africa? Why was there genocide in Rwanda? Why has the Somali State collapsed? Is there anything like African identity? And so many question of what, why and how. Most of the central and southern regions of pre-colonial Africa have been described as stateless societies. These societies were considered stateless in the sense of not having formal state structures and not because they lacked political organisation.
Untitled of Democracy (FDD) and the tutsidominated army South africa in particular has seenrapid increases and their political systems, indigenous peoples continue to http://www.terrorismcentral.com/Newsletters/010503.html
Extractions: A printed version of the complete 2002 collection of all 52 weeks of news reviews and articles will be available later this month. Email info@terrorismcentral.com for details. All terrorism is local. Attacks are designed against a local population rather than an abstract political entity. But in a world that seems ever smaller, the technological and economic trends towards globalization mean that local events can have a broad international impact. The year 2002 was when the threat of international terrorism, already active for more than thirty years, was finally recognized, although the daily reality of that threat differs widely depending on where you stand in the world. This Year in Review looks at the major events and trends that occurred in 2002 and helps to provide a global context in which to understand a year of increasing insecurity and the underlying substance behind widespread terrorism and political violence, as well as their causes and contributing factors. SECTIONS:
Challenges Of Human Security In Africa Arusha peace accord had collapsed, the tutsi Rwandan Patriortic civil society canbuild an indigenous capacity to community are rescued; other peoples perish. http://www.peacemagazine.org/0007/omar.htm
Extractions: Poor civilian-military relations, the politics of exclusion, a weak civil society, and the problem of failed states all challenge human security. by Abdul Omar This article will address the challenges in Africa to the safety of people from violent and non-violent threats. This is "human security" a concept that extends traditional security thinking. The concept lays emphasis on the security of people, while still recognizing the importance of the security of states and governments. Poor civil-military relations, the politics of exclusion, a weak civil society, and the problem of failed states all represent the challenges of human security. First let us look at the problems generated by poor relations between governments and the military. The military officer has three responsibilities to the state. The first is to provide information to the authorities regarding the minimum security that the state needs while taking into account the capabilities of other states. His second responsibility is to analyze the implications of different state actions. He may highlight actions the state can easily execute based on its military strength, but cannot spell out the most desirable action. His third responsibility is to execute state decisions in the realm of military security, including decisions that are not in line with his military point of view. This suggests that the military is subservient to the civilian authorities at the helm of state machinery. In Africa, however, this has not been the case, as often the military not only challenges the civilian democratic authorities, but also assumes their responsibilities. The military in the continent uses a variety of arguments to usurp power from the civilian authorities. These arguments can be generally classified as having their roots either in the "development thesis" or in "the guardian perspective."
IPACC - An Overview conflict between the two dominant groups, the Hutu and tutsi ethnic groups. of theILO Convention 169 on the rights of indigenous and tribal peoples by key http://www.ipacc.org.za/overview.asp
Extractions: The Indigenous Peoples of Africa Co-ordinating Committee is a network of community based organisations representing ethnic groups who see themselves as aboriginal/indigenous populations that have been marginalised by colonial administrations and contemporary African states. The purpose of IPACC is to improve the situation of indigenous peoples across rural Africa by uniting and empowering existing and emerging indigenous leadership. Major concerns include: fundamental human rights, poverty alleviation, secure collective land tenure, protection of the environment, sustainability of languages and traditional cultures, sustainability of indigenous economies that rely on herding and / or hunting and gathering, and co-operation between indigenous peoples and the management of conservation areas. IPACC is a democratic organisation with regular elections, a constitution and a membership system. Elections are held every two years in Geneva, Switzerland during the regular session of the UN Working Group on Indigenous Populations (UNWGIP). IPACC is organised into geographic regions. Each region elects its own representative who sits on the Executive Committee of IPACC. All policies are set at the Annual General Meeting. The Executive Committee works with the Secretariat, its legal advisors and various consultants to implement the priorities of the membership.
Africa South Of The Sahara - Religion An annotated guide to internet resources on Uganda for students, faculty, librarians, teachers, journalists, business people and others. reports on projects in africa, a 28 page report projects, facts on africa, South africa, Uganda, a video and South africa, Timbuktu, Mali, the tutsi in Central africa. http//www http://www-sul.stanford.edu/depts/ssrg/africa/religion.html
Extractions: Information on AIM, a missionary organization with over 850 missionaries in 15 African countries. Has a link to the web page of their school in Kenya, the Rift Valley Academy. There is more information provided by the Billy Graham Archives which hold the records of AIM including a history and detailed inventory of AIM's records. They were especially active in Kenya, Zaire, Uganda, Tanzania, Sudan, and the Central African Republic. Use the Graham Archives Search to locate additional collections.
They Have A Flag -but No Country. since 1951 an autonomous region in the peoples republic of in the outskirts of theHutu and tutsi villages Half of the population is indigenous and of Melanese http://www.unpo.org/tartu/express/
Extractions: They have a flag -but no country. Article in the Swedish evening newspaper Expressen on Sunday 17 August 1997 Translated by SSF/Göran Hansson They represent 100 million persons from all over the world. They have one thing in common. What they do not have is their own country. By Jenny Gamming, OTEPÄÄ, Estonia. Everyone has heard of East Timor, Kurdistan and Tibet. But who has heard of Chuvash, Mapuche and Acheh? How many of us will pinpoint those on a map? 50 nations and peoples are joined together in the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organisation (UNPO). There they have what the do not have in the UN and other international organisations: a voice and moral support. Some of the members, for instance Tibet and Cabinda, want to be independent states - but not all. To many peoples, for example the Twa People and the unlikely member Scania, the goal is greater cultural freedom and more self-determination. Click! To become a new state is not the main issue for most of the members , says Michael van Walt, the General Secretary of the UNPO.
Beyond Tribalism: Seeking A New Cultural Identity For East Africa question of which East African peoples appear in Those familiar with predominant indigenousgroups throughout as Ankole, Buganda, Maasai, Toro, tutsi, or Acholi http://www.theartroom-sf.com/beyond tribalism.htm
Extractions: An analysis and interview with artist James Kitamirike exploring cultural and personal elements within several of his paintings. Presumptions of tradition The subject matter chosen by artist James Kitamirike An understanding of the complex mosaic of prevailing cultures throughout East Africa reveals that cultural elements depicted in Kitamirike’s works converge in a completely new way. Instead of straight-forward representation, Kitamirike’s unique "cultural impressions" introduced within these works assemble a new vision for East Africa’s cultural legacy. Beyond representation: a question of cultural identity Examples of culture swapping Those familiar with predominant indigenous groups throughout the region are struck by the apparent paradox of "Beauty". Often with alarm, questions: "Where is this woman from? There is no tribe which dresses exactly like that, wears such jewelry, and appears this way! Her jewelry is from Kenya, her clothes are from Mali, and her features perhaps Ethiopian? It’s a beautiful image, yes, but it’s incorrect." It isn’t long before more "incorrect" cultural combinations are discovered within Kitamirike’s works.
Reunification 2000 detrimental to the selfactualization of the indigenous peoples. Some peoples andgroups are even denied citizenship What links rich educated tutsi or Hutu in http://www.rwandemb.org/english/rwanda_reunification2000.html
Extractions: Ladies and Gentlemen: It gives me great pleasure to say a few words on this occasion celebrating what Africa in general and Rwanda in particular so desperately needs - Unity. In 1884, at Berlin in Germany, by the stroke of a foreign pen, our continent was divided into politico-economic structures with neither our input nor knowledge. We have therefore in our hands the unenviable task of making sure that those structures and norms which we inherited are not turned into permanent barriers and sources of division, but rather serve as membranes, allowing for a free exchange of ideas and engendering co-operation in all fields. Fellow Rwandans
The Virtual Research Centre: World Cultures Minorities and Nationalist Movements Centre for World indigenous Studies Survival Hutuand tutsi. The Kurdish Question Kurd Web The Kurdish peoples An Ethno http://www.geocities.com/virtualresearch/worldcultures.html
