- Inside Central Asia: A Political and Cultural History of Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tadjikistan, Turkey and Iran by Dilip Hiro, 2009-06-11
- Executive Report on Strategies in Turkmenistan, 2000 edition (Strategic Planning Series) by The Turkmenistan Research Group, The Turkmenistan Research Group, 2000-11-02
- Tribal Nation: The Making of Soviet Turkmenistan by Adrienne Lynn Edgar, 2006-09-05
- Historical Dictionary of Turkmenistan (Historical Dictionaries of Asia, Oceania, and the Middle East) by Rafis Abazov, 2005-01-28
- Inside Central Asia: A Political and Cultural History of Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan,Kyrgyzstan, Tajikstan Turky, and Iran by Dilip Hiro, 2011-05-31
- TURKMENISTAN AND TURKMEN: An entry from Macmillan Reference USA's <i>Encyclopedia of Russian History</i> by ROGER KANGAS, 2004
- History of Turkmenistan: Geok Tepe, Soviet Central Asia, Bactria-margiana Archaeological Complex, Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic, Kidarites
- Turkmenistan: Webster's Timeline History, 238 BC - 2007 by Icon Group International, 2010-03-10
- Turkmenistan Can Build Strategic Links Through Iran, If Its Leader Gets Positive.: An article from: APS Diplomat News Service
- Turkmenistan: An entry from Gale's <i>Worldmark Encyclopedia of Religious Practices</i> by Homayun Sidky, 2006
- TÜRKMENISTAN: An entry from Macmillan Reference USA's <i>Countries and Their Cultures</i> by VICTORIA CLEMENT, 2001
- TURKMENISTAN: An entry from Gale's <i>World Education Encyclopedia</i> by Virginia Davis Nordin, 2001
- TURKMENISTAN: An entry from Gale's <i>Worldmark Encyclopedia of National Economies</i> by Steven Sabol, 2002
- Tribal Nation: The Making of Soviet Turkmenistan.(Book review): An article from: Canadian Journal of History by Aurelie Campana, 2005-12-01
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