Turkmenistan - Government turkmenistan government. Country name - conventional long formnone - conventional short form turkmenistan - local long form http://www.exxun.com/eegv/gv_Turkmenistan.html
Turkmenistan Judiciary. Supreme Court. Local government. Parties. Democratic Party of turkmenistanTDP;farleft; Saparmurat Niyazov Turkmenbashi; formerly Communist Party. http://www.polisci.com/world/nation/TX.htm
Extractions: Worldwide the first shipbuilder of multi purpose vessels Bodewes prosperity in times of recession Despite the bad economic situation which started significantly in August 2002 our company succeeded to realise a considerable growth. In the past year our company managed to contract vessels for this year, 2004 and even for 2005. Bodewes shipyards : Christening building number 618 On Saturday 12 April 2003 the christening of yard no. 618 will take place. It concerns a 7800 DWAT Bodewes Multipurpose Trader, strengthened for ice class 1A. People who are interested are welcome at Yard Jachtwijk from 10:30 hour. Home Governments Newspapers Weather ... Maritime museums Turkmenistan
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Government Photos, travel advisories, country information Category Regional Asia turkmenistan government http//www.britishembassytm.org.uk/index.htm. http://www.ad.com/Regional/Asia/Turkmenistan/Government/
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Asian American Net: Turkmenistan Political Resources on the Net turkmenistan. Elections, government, informationcenter, resource page. turkmenistan WWW Virtual Library. http://www.asianamerican.net/turkmen_main.html
Extractions: American Embassy in Ashgabat President of Turkmenistan ... CIA Factbook : Country Profile Encyclopaedia Britannica : Article Page Library of Congress, Area Handbook : Country Study Country Profile : US AID World Flag Database: Turkmenistan Flags Of The World: Turkmenistan U.S. Energy Information Administration, DOE : Country Fact Sheet Ethnologue: Languages of Turkmenistan
HRW World Report 1999: Turkmenistan:Human Rights Developments Under the dictatorship of President Saparmurat Niyazov, the government of Turkmenistanin 1998 continued to deny its citizensnearly every civil and political http://www.hrw.org/worldreport99/europe/turkmenistan.html
Extractions: The Role of the International Community Human Rights Developments Under the dictatorship of President Saparmurat Niyazov, the government of Turkmenistan in 1998 continued to deny its citizensnearly every civil and political right. With no political opposition, no freedom of assembly, no opportunity for public debate, and a Soviet-style secret police, very little information on human rights abuses was available. One of the poorest of the former Soviet republics, the Central Asian nation worked to keep human rights off the agenda as it courted foreign investors eager to exploit its untapped natural resources, especially oil and gas. On two occasions, however, international pressure on President Niyazov forced the release of a handful of high-profile political prisoners. In early September, the Committee for National Security (KNB) arrested former presidential spokesman Durdymuhammend Gurbanov on charges of embezzlement. He was released a week later after some thirty people demonstrated in Ashgabat to demand his release, an extraordinary event. As of September, the government had taken no measures to punish or imprison the demonstrators. In April, Gurbanov had given a series of interviews to Radio Liberty in Prague during which he severely criticized President Niyazov and the government. Upon his return to Ashgabat in June, the KNB repeatedly summoned him to their offices and kept him under constant surveillance. In early August, three assailants kidnapped and beat Durdymurat Khoja-Mukhamedov as he was returning home from a meeting at the British Embassy.They drove him outside Ashgabat, kicked and beat him until he lost consciousness, and left him. Khoja-Mukhamedov was still bandaged and in pain one month after the attack.
Extractions: Turkmenistan Turkmenistan Government Welfare Programs In 1992, President Niyazov announced "Ten Years of Prosperity," a government program that provides virtually free natural gas, electricity, and drinking water to all households in the republic; increases minimum wages and other social payments, confirms food subsidies and price liberalizations, and aims at giving families their own house, car, and telephone. In 1993 two-thirds of the state budgetary expenditures went toward such "social needs," and half of that amount for the subsidization of food prices. Social programs also accounted for 60 percent of the 1995 budget. The pension system has two main types of expenditures: retirement and disability payments and children's payments. Employees pay 1 percent of their wages to their pension fund, and the employer's share totals 80.5 percent of the total payroll contribution. In industries, the payroll contribution is 37 percent of the total pension fund; in agricultural enterprises, it is 26 percent. Because pension fund expenditures always exceed their receipts at this ratio of contribution, additional funds are allotted from the state budget. The normal retirement age is sixty for men and fifty-five for women, but the age is five or ten years less for occupations classified as hazardous. In the early 1990s, the number of pensioners grew at a rate of 17,000 per year; in 1993 some 404,000 individuals were in this category.
Extractions: Turkmenistan Turkmenistan Government and Politics Government: Many Soviet-era officials still in place, 1996; constitution of 1992 stipulates democratic separation of powers, but presidency sole center of actual power under Saparmyrat Niyazov. Legislative branch, fifty-member Milli Mejlis, has same ratification functions as Soviet-era Supreme Soviet. Judiciary very weakjudges appointed by president; Supreme Court reviews constitutionality of legislation. Sixty-member National Council with advisory function, actually subsidiary to presidential power. Politics: Constitution guarantees political freedom, but former Communist Party, now Democratic Party, dominates and retains same structure and propaganda machine as in Soviet era. Niyazov's cult of personality provides further domination. Small, weak opposition groups concentrate on single issues; some groups outlawed. Foreign Relations: Basic policy "positive neutrality"noninterference and neutrality toward all countries and attempts to establish relations as widely as possible. Marketing and transport of natural gas and oil given priority in foreign economic deals. Remains independent of other Central Asian and CIS countries when possible, but maintains strong bilateral military and economic ties with Russia. International Agreements and Memberships: Member of United Nations (UN), International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Bank, Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO), Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), Islamic Development Bank, and CIS.
U.S. Government Assistance For Turkmenistan To Arrive PAS No 37, May 22, 2001. US government Assistance for Turkmenistanto Arrive Over $400,000 worth of clothing, footwear, and medical http://www.usemb-ashgabat.usia.co.at/pr37.html
Extractions: U.S. Government Assistance for Turkmenistan to Arrive Over $400,000 worth of clothing, footwear, and medical equipment will arrive in Ashgabat in the coming week, donated by the U.S. Government as part of its on-going program of cooperation with Turkmenistan in the field of healthcare. The project is being administered for USAID Counterpart International Humanitarian Assistance Program (CHAP), in collaboration with CHAPs distribution partner, the National Red Crescent Society of Turkmenistan (TRCS). TRCS will receive and distribute clothing and footwear to the elderly, orphans, disabled, and large families. Medical equipment and supplies will be provided to TRCSs Charity Houses in all velayats of Turkmenistan, with the aim of upgrading patient care service all over the country. "Thanks to this aid, we managed to help the victims of natural disaster in Dashoguz and Garagala regions in the last 2 years, where we distributed meals, sweaters, shirts, sleeping bags and tents. And this new shipment will undoubtedly assist the needy groups of elderly, disabled and low-income people. I would like to express gratitude to CHAP on behalf of all recipients," TRCS's Emergency Humanitarian Assistance Specialist Natalya Levaya said.
Organisational Structure Of The Government Of Turkmenistan Organisational structure of the government of turkmenistan Chairman of theCabinet of Ministers President of turkmenistan Saparmurat Turkmenbashy. http://www.tacistm.org/Governm/Govstruct.htm
Turkmenistan Chaihana - Introduction When the Soviet Union collapsed in 1991, turkmenistan's government, beingalmost entirely a Russian creation, actually resisted independence. http://www.chaihana.com/turktext.html
Extractions: Turkmenistan is a desert country located in Central Asia to the north of Iran and to the east of the Caspian Sea. It is a newly independent state as of 1991, and was formerly a republic of the Soviet Union. The Turkmen people speak the Turkmen language, which is a Turkic language (similar to Turkish, Kazakh, and Uzbek). Turkmenistan was a birthplace of early civilization. In Bairamali, the walls of Ancient Merv, over 2000 years old, are incorporated into the walls of contemporary houses. Though the territory of Turkmenistan was at times a part of various dynasties and empires, "Turkmenistan" was never really a country prior to the twentieth century, but was instead a region inhabited by distinct tribes that shared a common culture. The history of Turkmenistan and the Parthian and Selucid empires, can be found on various Internet websites. ( go to links page The contemporary borders of Turkmenistan were drawn by Josef Stalin. Soviet membership changed Turkmenistan's culture and people in many ways. Though initial resistance to Russian occupation had been fierce, over time the majority of Turkmen, especially those in the urban centers, came to regard themselves as Soviets citizens. Many Turkmen people learned to speak Russian, and Russian language ability was a practical requirement for participation in government. Russian schools were built to promote the goals of Soviet society, and achieved some remarkable results. The Soviets helped develop agriculture and industry in the area, though some of their methods, most notably the draining of the Aral Sea, have led to serious ecological problems.
Government & Politics President of turkmenistan. Under his leadership, on October 27, 1991,turkmenistan proclaimed its sovereignty from the Soviet Union. http://www.turkmenistanembassy.org/turkmen/gov/presbio.html
Extractions: His Excellency Saparmurat Niyazov "Turkmenbashi" President of Turkmenistan and Chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers Saparmurat Niyazov was born on February 19, 1940, into a worker's family in Ashgabat. His father died in battle in World War II and the remaining members of his family perished in Ashgabats massive earthquake of 1948. He was raised first in an orphanage and later in the home of his distant relatives. In 1962 Mr. Niyazov became a member of the Communist Party. In 1985 he was appointed Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Turkmenistan and was subsequently elected First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Turkmenistan, the highest state and party post. On January 13, 1990, Mr. Niyazov became Chairman of the Supreme Soviet, the supreme legislative body in the republic.
Traveljournals.net - Government Of Turkmenistan conventional short form turkmenistan local long form none local short form turkmenistanformer Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic. government type republic. http://www.traveljournals.net/countries/government.asp?c=tx
Extractions: History: The territory of what is now Turkmenistan provided the bedrock for many of the most powerful empires of their age. The Parthians, the Seljuks and the Khans of Khoresm all based their empires at various points on the edge of the Kara-Kum Desert, while Alexander the Great conquered the region during his epic campaign of the fourth century BC. The influence of Islam dates from the seventh century AD, when the region was under Arab control. Modern-day Turkmen are descended from tribes that migrated to the area in the tenth century from the northeast. Around 300 years later, Genghis Khan arrived from the same direction and incorporated Turkmenistan into his expanding empire. From the 15th century, the area was under Persian domination until the Russian move into Central Asia at the end of the 19th century. Turkmenistan fell into the British sphere of influence but the Bolsheviks took control of the region in 1920 and incorporated Turkmenistan as a union republic in 1925.
1netCommunications > Regional > Asia > Turkmenistan > Government Top Regional Asia turkmenistan government Featured Listings Copyrights(c)2001 1netCommunications Long Distance Services. All rights reserved. http://1netcommunications.com/dir/Regional/Asia/Turkmenistan/Government/
GlobalEDGE (TM) | Country Insights - Government Of Turkmenistan Although the government of turkmenistan claims to favor trade with and export tothe United States and Turkey, it has significant commercial relationships with http://globaledge.msu.edu/ibrd/CountryGovt.asp?CountryID=176&RegionID=3
