Ethiopia Map Flag Description Three Equal Horizontal Bands Of Major peoples Oromo 40%, Amhara and tigre 32%, Sidamo 9 areas inhabited by Somaliand Oromo peoples; an invasion 197778 in support of indigenous SOMALI rebels http://www.gateway-africa.com/countries/ethiopia.html
Extractions: Flag description: three equal horizontal bands of green (top), yellow, and red with a yellow pentagram and single yellow rays emanating from the angles between the points on a light blue disk centered on the three bands; Ethiopia is the oldest independent country in Africa, and the colors of her flag were so often adopted by other African countries upon independence that they became known as the pan-African colors Location: Eastern Africa, west of Somalia Geographic coordinates: 8 00 N, 38 00 E Climate: tropical monsoon with wide topographic-induced variation Independence: oldest independent country in Africa and one of the oldest in the world - at least 2,000 years Nationality: Ethiopian(s) Capital City: Addis Ababa Population: Head of State: President NEGASSO Gidada (since 22 August 1995) Area: 1,127,127 sq km Type of Government: federal republic Currency: 1 birr (Br) = 100 cents Major peoples: Oromo 40%, Amhara and Tigre 32%, Sidamo 9%, Shankella 6%, Somali 6%, Afar 4%, Gurage 2%, other 1% Religion: Muslim 45%-50%, Ethiopian Orthodox 35%-40%, animist 12%, other 3%-8%
Country Profiles: Sub-Saharan Africa populations of Christian and indigenous peoples who practice are official languages,but other indigenous languages along groups Tigrinya and tigre and Kunama http://wps.prenhall.com/wps/media/objects/442/453175/profiles.html
Extractions: Country Profiles: Sub-Saharan Africa Angola Angola is a poor country in west central Africa of about 1.25 million sq. km (about twice the size of Texas). One part of Angola, Calinda, is an exclave, separated from the rest of the country by the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DROC). It has a narrow coastal plain that rises abruptly to a vast interior plateau. It has a semiarid climate but heavy rainfall can cause flooding on the plateau. Angola's population is just over 11 million people. However, Angola's average life expectancy is only a little over 48 years. Angola also has a very high infant mortality rate. Most Angolans are from indigenous ethnic groups. About half of the population follows indigenous beliefs and, of the rest, nearly 40% are Catholic. The official language is Portuguese, but Bantu and other African languages are also spoken. Angola has experienced several years of civil war. Currently the government is trying to transition to a multiparty democracy with a strong presidential system. The government also includes a unicameral legislature and a supreme court. In view of continued civil unrest, the level of progress toward a multiparty democracy cannot be determined. The capital is Luanda. Civil war has also had a detrimental effect on the economy. Despite its abundant natural resources, Angola's output per capita is among the world's lowest. About 85% of the population is employed in subsistence agriculture. Angola has significant petroleum and mineral resources but developing this is still somewhat hampered by civil unrest. The large numbers of mines that still remain have had a negative impact on farming, forcing Angola to import much of its food needs. By far, Angola's largest export is crude oil (90%), and the U.S. accounts for 65% of the export trade. Angola's main imports include machinery and electrical equipment, vehicles and spare parts, medicines, food, textiles, and clothing. Besides the U.S., its trading partners include Portugal, the EU, China, and South Africa.
Tomfolio.com: Literature: Latin American Lit spent several years studying the literature of indigenous peoples. Dientes blancos, and El tigre by this essays forming a travelogue of africa, Turkey and http://www.tomfolio.com/bookssub.asp?catid=26&subid=3274
McNutt - Fathers Of The Empty Spaces; Strangers Forever own exogenous spatial imaginations and the indigenous imaginations of intermarrywith the Amhara and tigre; and in peoples of the Horn of africa Somali, Afar http://www.cwru.edu/affil/GAIR/papers/2001papers/mcnutt.htm
Extractions: One of the primary difficulties in trying to reconstruct the intended meanings of the writers of biblical texts, and how these were understood by their ancient audiences, is our inability to observe directly their socially shared experiences, and how these were expressed in their beliefs. My aim in this paper is to suggest some possible scenarios for understanding the social location of marginal social groups in ancient Israel, with a particular emphasis on how "otherness" and "difference" are represented spatially. I will be drawing in particular on the ideas of geographer Edward Soja (1996) and French "metaphilosopher" Henri Lefebvre, whose ideas have heavily influenced Soja. I am particularly interested in what Soja has to say about marginality, boundaries, and "otherness" or "difference." Soja's work is particularly interesting because he encourages us to look at space and constructs of spatiality in radically new ways. In doing this, he is not pressing us to give up our old and familiar ways of thinking about space and spatiality, but rather suggesting that we question them in new ways that are aimed at opening up and expanding the scope and critical sensibility of our already established spatial or geographical imaginations (1996: 1). As intrinsically spatial beings, and active participants in the construction of our own spatialities, Soja argues, we need to begin thinking about the spatiality of human life in much the same way that we approach life's historicality and sociality, and to become more aware of the social consequences of our constructions. In his work Soja emphasizes the interdependence and interwoven complexity of the social, the historical, and the spatial as
Ethan Frome They are indigenous to Ethiopia and endemic to africa The Oromo (40%) and the Amharaand tigre (32 in the Southern Nations, Nationalities and peoples Region for http://www.inbar.int/publication/pubdownload.asp?publicid=80&filetype=txt
Kalyx.com Ethnobotany Books on additional fieldwork in africa, he considers Rio tigre and Beyond The Amazon Jungle byeveryone interested in rainforests, indigenous peoples, shamanism, hal. http://www.kalyx.com/catalog/ethnobotanybooks.htm
Extractions: You can learn how to brew up a few cups of killer Mescal and weave a mat to rest on while you contemplate the authority of your brew... Dr. Gentry gave twenty-five years of his life to the Agaves, conducting field research from central Nevada south to the islands off the coast of Panama. Widely recognized as the world's leading authority on the Agaves, Dr. Gentry was an agricultural explorer for the U.S. Department of Agriculture for more than 30 years.
Honduras. In: Amnesty International Report 2001 indigenous peoples staged renewed demonstrations to promote longstanding the buildingof the El tigre dam, which would displace indigenous people and http://web.amnesty.org/web/ar2001.nsf/webamrcountries/HONDURAS?OpenDocument
El Tigre Journeys El tigre Journeys is a privatelyowned and operated educational travel to appreciationand conservation of wildlife, plants, indigenous peoples, and their http://www.biztravel.com/TRAVEL/SIT/top_pages/562.html
Extractions: Resorts Diving El Tigre Journeys travel programs focus on intellectually and spiritually stimulating adventures to exotic New World destinations. Our workshop programs and tours are led by experienced professionals with expertise in personal growth, transcultural, and natural history facilitation. We specialize in high-quality and unforgettable ecological, intercultural, and spiritual immersion experiences for the discriminating traveler. El Tigre Journeys is a privately-owned and operated educational travel company affiliated with International BioPark Foundation,a non-profit organization dedicated to appreciation and conservation of wildlife, plants, indigenous peoples, and their shared natural environments.
Extractions: Africa - The Birthplace of Modern Humans You either love it or hate it . . . Africa Map Click here to see large map Features of Africa Africa is the second-largest continent , after Asia, covering 30,330,000 sq km; about 22% of the total land area of the Earth. It measures about 8,000 km from north to south and about 7,360 km from east to west. The highest point on the continent is Mt. Kilimanjaro - Uhuru Point - (5,963 m/19,340 ft) in Tanzania. The lowest is Lake 'Asal (153 m/502 ft below sea level) in Djibouti. The Forests cover about one-fifth of the total land area of the continent. And the Deserts and their extended margins have the remaining two-fifths of African land. World's longest river : The River Nile drains north-eastern Africa, and, at 6,650 km (4,132 mi), is the longest river in the world. It is formed from the Blue Nile, which originates at Lake Tana in Ethiopia, and the White Nile, which originates at Lake Victoria. World's second largest lake : Lake Victoria is the largest lake in Africa and the is the world's second-largest freshwater lake - covering an area of 69,490 sq km (26,830 sq mi) and lies 1,130 m (3,720 ft) above sea level. Its greatest known depth is 82 m (270 ft).
Medium-Sized Projects and Protection of Laguna del tigre National Park (WB Minihydropower Project; SouthAfrica Solar Water Substances, Food Security, and indigenous peoples of the http://www.gefweb.org/operport/msp/3msps.htm
Get Involved is dedicated to legalizing ownership for indigenous peoples of ancestral rights ingeneral and indigenous rights in World Bankfunded 'El tigre' Hydro-electric http://www.cohre.org/inbody01.htm
Extractions: COHRE will only place the names of grassroots groups here if we have had direct and sustaining working relationships with them, attesting to their credibility, effectiveness and democratic nature. The Civic Council of Indigenous and Popular Organizations in Honduras (COPINH) COPINH is an organization of indigenous Lenca peoples from the departments of Intibuca, La Paz, Lempira and Santa Barbara, located in western Honduras, bordering El Salvador. COPINH is dedicated to legalizing ownership for indigenous peoples of ancestral lands, and promoting community-controlled development and defending their economic, cultural, civil, political and social rights. It has representation in 700 communities in the area, many of which are inaccessible by road. Honduras, similar to other Central American countries, experienced serious and systemic violations of political and civil rights at the hands of a US-backed military regime during the 1980s and 1990s. The presence of military bases of the US-backed Contras and of the US Army contributed to the militarization of Honduras and the maintenance of a discriminatory, unjust "development" economic order. Today, the general human rights situation of the marginalized majority - and of the indigenous people in particular - is characterized by:
NewsLinks2 Unreached People Profiletigre; The Unreached People Christian missionary organizationsupporting indigenous missionaries in Gospel by Radio to all peoples http://www.wongel.com/newslinks.html
Earthdance: Chapter 20 - The Indigenous Way scientific and technological prowess of peoples who consciously Cordoba succeeded,using only indigenous knowledge and by Bruce Lamb in Rio tigre and Beyond. http://twm.co.nz/Saht_indig_way.html
Extractions: In Chapter 17, we observed that industrial humanity is still immature from an evolutionary perspective. We also expressed hope that it will mature by learning from the organization of ecosystems and from some of the non-technological indigenous and traditional cultures that have survived the colonial process and the more recent impetus to modernization. In this chapter we will explore the worldviews and knowledge of indigenous peoples to see why cooperation between indigenous and industrial humanity is so important at this critical time in our evolution as the body of humanity. Indigenous cultures are generally held to be non-industrial cultures with ancient roots in their land, though some have been migratory and others forcibly displaced. They range from very simple material lifestyles to extensive historical urban/rural systems such as Inka and Aztec. For all their great diversity, we will see that they do hold some common elements of worldview and values that unite them with each other and distinguish them from modern or post-modern industrial cultures, which are also diverse, yet united by their basic worldview and values. In today's world, there are very few even relatively intact indigenous cultures. Yet we do have indigenous people to whom traditional knowledge and ways have been passed on and who live by this knowledge. This knowledge represents a relationship with the rest of our living planet that has been essentially rejected by industrial culture, yet is very relevant to our healthy future.
Yes, The People Of The Arabian Peninsula Are Not Africans At All! and language lives on as Tigrigna, tigre and Amharic, the One last group of partlynon indigenous or immigrant is constituted by the Afroasiatic peoples of the http://www.mumia.org/wwwboard/messages/711.html
EPC Lectures 2001/2 dressed stone, inscriptional material in indigenous script, major movement of Semiticspeakingpeoples was out BCE western part of tigre region associated with http://www2.soas.ac.uk/Africa/courseunits/cultural/epc/epclec2.htm
Extractions: (Handouts: map (p. xx) from Henze, Layers of Time ; map (p. 69) from Connah, African civilizations old interpretation = Semitic -speaking South Arabian merchants crossed Red Sea ca mid-1 st Cushitic -speaking people of Ethiopia, described as a vastly superior civilization, both material and cultural (Ullendorff, p. 47), SA immigrants went on to establish political as well as cultural dominance = Ancient Ethiopia as a SA colony old view still repeated, although in modified form, as in Phillipson, Ancient Ethiopia newer interpretation = presence of SA, especially Sabaean , immigrants in Ethiopia in mid-1 st but Evidence Supporting the Old Interpretation: South Arabian Civilization:- handout Henze map various SA states, e.g. Saba (the first, longest enduring and most powerful of the SA kingdoms), Main, Qataban, Raidan, Hadhramawt Himyar (indicate location on map) which succeeded Saba as chief of these states by end of 1 st cent. CE , Saba later reasserted itself until Aksumite invasions of 3 rd cent . CE - hence Sabaean titles assumed by Aksumite rulers SA civilization characterized by monumental architecture in dressed stone, inscriptional material in indigenous script, major irrigation construction (dams, cisterns), trade
Pour Une Réforme Des IFI ! take place in Johannesburg (South africa) in September pipeline in the Laguna delTigre nature reserve and the social equilibrium of indigenous peoples who are http://www.globenet.org/ifi/anglais/actions/camp57.htm
Extractions: Today, the international financial institutions (IFI) play a key role in development policies not only through the large sums of money they mobilise for Southern countries, but especially through the control they exert over their public policies. For twenty years, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and its structural adjustment programmes have forced Southern countries to over-exploit their natural resources for exportation purposes and reduce budgetary expenses to the detriment of the protection of the environment. As for the World Bank, it pretends to fulfil its official mandate of fighting poverty and financing sustainable development by encouraging Southern countries to exploit their natural resources. To this end, the World Bank injects billions of dollars in petrol, mining and gas industries. Yet, in general, countries which intensively exploit their natural resources experience limited growth and neglect diverse and sustainable development activities. The population does not benefit at all from the profits generated, but suffer all the consequences. Repeated violations of their elementary rights, pollution and public health offences are multiplying. World Bank financing directly contributes to strengthening autocratic regimes and fuels armed conflicts. Moreover, the destruction of ecosystems and the consumption of fossil fuels is adding to climate change, a planetary threat whose primary victims are, yet again, the poorest in the South ! And who are the big winners ? Once again, the multinationals in Northern countries, large consumers of fossil fuels and raw materials...
Africa: Bosques Amenazados peoples Programme e bajas (pertenecientes a las tribus tigre, Beni Amer e http://www.wrm.org.uy/paises/Africa/problema4.html
Extractions: A pesar de ser un país muy rico en minerales y bosques, la República Democrática del Congo está entre los países más pobres del mundo según señalan sus indicadores sociales. Aparentemente el gobierno ha reaccionado para defender las vastas superficies de bosque remanentes y en abril de 1999 fue prohibida la exportación de rollizos. Las compañías extranjeras reaccionaron de inmediato, dramatizando con que esto sería "el fin del sector forestal en el país" y pronto los troncos sin procesar reiniciaron el camino de la exportación. El reciente trabajo de Albert Kwokwo Barume "Heading Towards Extinction? Indigenous Rights in Africa: The Case of the Twa of the Kahuzi-Biega National Park, Democratic Republic of Congo" ("¿Hacia la extinción? Derechos indígenas en el Africa: el caso de los Twa en el Parque Nacional Kahuzi-Biega"), publicado por Forest Peoples Programme e IWGIA, examina la situación y perspectivas del pueblo indígena Twa en dicho país. Para intentar "legalizar" sus operaciones, DARA Forest firmó un contrato en mayo de 2000 con SmartWood y el Rogue Institute for Ecology and Economy de Oregon, EE.UU., dirigido a obtener la certificación para su madera. El plan consistía en certificar el bosque de Budongo en Uganda (en el que DARA ni siquiera tenía una concesión en ese momento), y utilizar dicha certificación para comercializar la madera extraída en forma ilegal y no sustentable en el Congo.
Upd61 of writing were established, such as tigre, Tittering, or the migration of the Puntitepeoples of Upper Egypt southward, and is therefore indigenous to africa. http://www.ccsu.edu/Afstudy/upd6-1.html
Extractions: Africa Update Vol VI, Issue 1 (Winter 1998/99) Africa Update is the quarterly newsletter of the Central Connecticut State University African Studies Program Editorial: African Writing Systems By Gloria Emeagwali - Chief Editor Vai, Bamum, Nsibi, Mande and Ajimi are significant West African writing systems of indigenous origin. In Northeast Africa, the now extinct ancient Egyptian writing systems coexisted with the Nubian Meroitic and Ethiopic writing systems. In this issue of Africa Update, Dr. Ayele Bekerie of Cornell University reflects on the latter writing system. He argues that there are fundamental connections between the spiritual beliefs, language and writing system of precolonial ancient Egypt This issue also contains a review of Ayele Bekerie's Ethiopic: An African System (Red Sea Press, 1997). The reviewer, David Zerbe, examines some of Bekerie's basic propositions in a provocative analysis. We asked Dr. bekerie to respond to Zerbe's critique and received a lucid and scholarly clarification on issues such as the syllabic nature of Ethiopic; distortions and misceptions in Ethiopian historiography; connections between the Puntites, ancient Egyptians and ancient Ethiopians; and the interconnections between the Agau language, Ge'ez, and Ethiopian writing systems in general.
Boletin10-news Español-1 indigenous peoples OF COLOMBIA. shall reflect the equality of the nations, nationalities,peoples and religions 1. tigre 2. Afar 3. Amhara 4. Oromia 5. Somali 6 http://www.ctv.es/USERS/jolle/internet13.htm
Extractions: e-mail: jolle@ctv.es INDEX 1999 WELCOME INDEX 1997 ... WHATS NEW I N T E R N E T V E R S I O N ISSUE 13 , first January 2000. NUMERO 13 , 1 Enero 2000. RESUMED VERSION The complet version available only in exchange or subscription. Information here: EXCHANGE OR SUBSCRIPTION Translated from Spanish by JOSE MANUEL ERBEZ. On 9 August 1999, Dagestani and Chechen islamist fighters leaded by Chechen former prime minister and hero of the Independence war against Russia, Shamil Basaev, took several villages in Dagestan, in the border zone with Chechenia. On 10 August 1999 the Shura of Dagestan proclaimed the Islamic Republic of Dagestan, under the law of the Sharia , and declared the Djihad (Holy War) to Russia. The Congress of the Peoples of Ichkeria and Dagestan, created by Basaev, was recently renamed Mejlisul (probably meaning Supreme Mejlis or Council) of the Musulmans of Ichkeria (Chechnya) and Dagestan. According to the statement of the Shura Declaration of Independence In the name of God the Merciful, the Compassionate! We, the Muslims of Dagestan, officially declare the restoration of the independent Islamic state of Dagestan.
