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Learning And Its Components
Introduction
Definitions of Learning
Importance of Learning
Component of Learning
Determinants of Learning
Introduction
Motives
Stimuli
Generalization
Discrimination
Responses
Reinforcement
Retention
Learning Process
Introduction
Cues
Drives
Response
Reinforcement
Retention
Principles Of Learning
Introduction
Reinforcement
Types Of Reinforcement
Positive Reinforcement
Negative Reinforcement
Schedules Of Reinforcement
Continuous Reinforcement Schedule
Partial Reinforcement Schedule
Kinds Of Partial Reinforcement Schedule
Fixed-Interval Schedule
Variable-Interval Schedule
Fixed-Ratio Schedule
Variable-Ratio Schedule
Comparisons Of Schedules Of Reinforcement
Contingency Of Reinforcement
Basic Components Contingency Of Reinforcement
Categories Of Reinforcers
Types Of Contingencies Of Reinforcement
Punishment
Punishment And Interpersonal Relations
How To Make Punishment Effective
Guidelines For Using Effective Punishment
Potential Negative Effects Of Punishment
ReinforcementStrategies
Organizational Reward System
Introduction
Types Of Rewards
Intrinsic Rewards
Extrinsic Rewards
Financial Rewards / Monetary Rewards
Performance Based Financial Or Monetary Rewards
Membership Based Financial Or Monetary Rewards
Rewards Used By Organizations
Types Of Learning
Classical Conditioning
Operant Conditioning
Social Learning
Learning Theories
Classical Conditioning Theory
Limitations
Operant Conditioning Theory
Cognitive Learning
Social Learning Theory/ Observational Learning
Explanation Of The Five Dimensions Of Social Learning Theory
Self-Efficacy
Self-Efficacy At Work
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This is a book that draws together the main influences that have resulted in the impressive emergence of business schools in the UK is badly needed. This book tries to fill this gap by identifying the main institutions and individuals involved. There is minimal overlap with other scholarly works, such as those tracing the development of management thought and critiques of the products of business schools. The American influence on the development of UK business schools is acknowledged, but the emphasis in the book is on UK contributions. Part 1 is an historic overview identifying the milestones in the last two centuries, with particular attention being paid to the twentieth century. The impressive growth of management education in the last fifty years would not have taken place without the creation of supportive institutions. Through their regulatory and informative roles these institutions ensured that growth was accompanied by high standards in teaching and research, thus enabling business schools to make effective contributions to the social and economic needs of society. These supportive institutions for example the Association of Business Schools and the Association of MBAs are discussed in Part 2, as are the professional institutions associated with business and management education for example the Chartered Management Institute and the Chartered Institute of Personnel & Development). Part 3 focuses on the growth of knowledge-based management education, and illustrates how systematic research has contributed to the content and methods of management education. The historical roles of academic and applied bodies such as the Tavistock Institute of Human Relations, the Association of Teachers of Management and the British Academy of Management are discussed. Part 4 focuses on the national and international standing of UK business schools. Trends in the quality ratings of business schools, as revealed by various public assessments and media rankings are explored. A selection of business school histories are examined in an effort to identify factors that have influenced their chosen strategies and subsequent development. ... Read more

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This study describes how the International Learning Styles Network (ILSN) has prevailed for almost 25 years and expanded from a predominantly educational Network, comprised of Centers located in colleges and universities within the United States, to a worldwide Network, encompassing businesses and consultation Centers, located on four continents. With illustrations. ... Read more

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The book discusses the idea of the learning community as a vehicle for professional learning and school development. As the authors show, the learning community develops in response to building capacity in three domains: personal, interpersonal and organizational. In the personal domain, educators deconstruct and reconstruct their professional narratives to enhance student learning and professional practice. In the interpersonal domain, educators generate norms and values that foster experimentation and critical analysis of educational practice and that promote collective and individual learning. In the organizational domain, visible and invisible structures are constructed that enable community members to enact educational practices in support of profound improvement in teaching and learning. This revised and updated edition of Profound Improvement not only brings this important work up-to-date but also shows how the authors thinking has changed and developed since the book was originally written. The book focuses on the life of educators as it relates to professional learning and growth.It is concerned with human growth and development, human cognition and affect and human interactions and actions in the context of a school community. For the new edition the authors also:elaborate more fully the notion of learning communities based on living systems and ecological perspectives develop their capacity building model They show that building a learning community is a dynamic process that engages the individual, the group and the organization in embedded interdependencies and mutual influences. As the authors clearly demonstrate: education is a living system as opposed to a managed system. ... Read more

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Texas Politics and Government provides a coherent, analytical introduction to Texas politics that is both comprehensive and engaging. Framing the book around five ideas that have shaped Texas politics past and present, the authors explain how conflicts over these ideas have altered political processes, institutions, and public policies in Texas. The unique coverage of topics is supported by lively and fresh discussions that capture students' interest and provide them with the conceptual tools they need to enrich their understanding of politics and government in Texas. Additionally, the authors' involvement in Texas politics gives students an insider's view of their state and local government. ... Read more

Customer Reviews (1)

Haag knows texas well
Haag has a good grasp of how government works in Texas. He covers many points that other authors may miss about the nuances among politics. I had it for a college course, but I will keep it for a reference to this state'scomplicated policies. ... Read more

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Here are eight easy steps that college professors can use to navigate their way through the grants.gov website. As you know, millions of federal dollars are available on grants.gov. for many different disciplines and industries. If you follow the eight easy steps outlined here, you will have access to funds that can finance your research and enhance your academic profile. ... Read more

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For anyone who teaches, trains, coaches, or mentors others, the adult learning process is a crucial element of success—of both individuals and their organizations. Yet many managers, supervisors, and executives take for granted that all learners learn the same way.That’s where this book comes in, serving as a practical primer on adult learning. You’ll find a thorough background on learning theory to help you consider key questions about adult learning challenges, such as:
•How do adults learn?
•What makes today’s adult learners special?
•What’s the difference between training and learning?
•Do younger and older learners have different needs?
•How is the learning process affected by national culture, technology, and the learning climate in the workplace?
•How can you facilitate the adult learning process?

You’ll have a full range of tools to help you put effective adult learning processes in place, including flowcharts, diagrams, checklists, statistical charts, and exhibits. With this book, you can cultivate a climate that promotes lifelong education and helps people thrive in a knowledge-based environment while still accomplishing their ongoing goals.Whether you’re an HR professional, subject-matter expert, line manager, or CEO, Adult Learning Basics will help you leverage adult learning theory and practice to help your organization stay competitive in today’s fast-paced, information-driven business world.

Table of Contents
About the Training Basics Series Preface
1. Understanding and Applying Adult Learning Theory
2. Using Theory to Design More Effective Training
3. Leveraging Adult Learner Differences
4. Engaging Boomer, Gen X, and Gen Y Learners
5. Managing Cultural Differences in Learners
6. Making Learning Environment a Key to Success
7. Putting Technology to Work for Learners
8. Using Proven Facilitation Techniques to Drive Learning
9. Reading the Future of Adult Learning: Seven Hopeful Predictions
References
Additional Resources
Index


Author William J. Rothwell, Ph.D., SPHR currently heads up the number-two-ranked graduate program in learning and performance at Penn State. His earlier experience includes many years as training director in government and business, followed by consulting for organizations as varied as AccuWeather, Corning, General Motors, Motorola, U.S. Postal Service and The American Red Cross, among many others. Rothwell’s list of accomplishments—professional accreditations, dozens of awards, 64 books, plus involvement in 300 articles—is far too lengthy to list here. Suffice it to say that Rothwell effectively delivers the ideal combination of extensive expertise and easy-to-take writing style that makes Adult Learning Basics a sound foundation for developing your organization’s learning program.
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Customer Reviews (1)

Just the Facts!
ASTD really does publish some great books. IF you facilitate learning for adults this is a great start in understanding how and why adults learn. This is a must in any Trainers library. ... Read more

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This is an analysis of the four distinct cultures in higher education - collegial, managerial, developmental and negotiative - to provide insights into the dynamics of collegiate organizations. The author details how the four cultures interrelate by using real-life examples from a variety of college campuses. He offers leadership strategies that can assist and inspire higher education administrators, educators and faculty in grappling with tenure and promotion policies, making curriculum changes, and becoming responsive to new and diverse student populations. ... Read more

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Este libro es una autoedicion y esta orientado a mejorar la gestion del capital humano en los sistemas organizados, ya sea empresarial, instituciones del estado y sin fines de lucro. Es una herramienta indispensable para dirigir mediante elcoaching. ... Read more

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Philosophers have warned of the perils of a life spent without reflection, but what constitutes reflective inquiry—and why it’s necessary in our lives—can be an elusive concept. Synthesizing ideas from minds as diverse as John Dewey and Paulo Freire, theHandbook of Reflection and Reflective Inquiry presents reflective thought in its most vital aspects, not as a fanciful or nostalgic exercise, but as a powerful means of seeing familiar events anew, encouraging critical thinking and crucial insight, teaching and learning. In its opening pages, two seasoned educators, Maxine Green and Lee Shulman, discuss reflective inquiry as a form of active attention (Thoreau’s "wide-awakeness"), an act of consciousness, and a process by which people can understand themselves, their work (particularly in the form of life projects), and others. Building on this foundation, the Handbook of Reflection and Reflective Inquiry analyzes through the work of 40 internationally oriented authors:

• Definitional issues concerning reflection, what it is and is not
• Worldwide social and moral conditions contributing to the growing interest in reflective inquiry in professional education
• Reflection as promoted across professional educational domains, including K-12 education, teacher education, occupational therapy, and the law, among others
• Methods of facilitating and scaffolding reflective engagement
• Current pedagogical and research practices in reflection
• Approaches to assessing reflective inquiry

Educators across the professions as well as adult educators, counselors and psychologists, and curriculum developers concerned with adult learning will find the Handbook of Reflection and Reflective Inquiry an invaluable teaching tool for challenging times.

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The traditional role for teachers in children's play was to structure it, setting rules and interrupting if things got "out of hand". However, for children three to five, sociodramatic play is a way to invent and make familiar the rhythms and actions of everyday life. This text describes why play is a fundamentally important part of children's development and shows how adults can support and promote play. The authors offer systematic descriptions and analyses of the different roles a teacher adopts toward this end - including those of stage manager, mediator, player, scribe, assessor, communicator, and planner - and describe both highly interactive and inhibited children from different economic backgrounds. The authors integrate cognitive and psycho-dynamic theory as well, regarding the scripts children play in both cognitive and affective terms, and they discuss the importance of fantasy and reality play themes, demonstrating the implications of play for literacy learning. ... Read more

Customer Reviews (1)

Examination of the roles adults could (and should) play
This Jones and Reynolds book has become a classic in early childhood circles. It examines the various roles adults should take as they support children's play. The authors first describe what play is, and what we need to know to be able to support it. Written in a conversational style, they offer many specific examples of children's play followed by their wise analyses of what was occurring for the child as well as what the adult was (or wasn't) doing to support, extend and nurture the play and learning.

There are other books that spend more time describing play - this one gets right to the heart of their sub-title "Teachers' Roles in Children's Play". I've read and re-read it, and shared it with many pre-service Early Childhood Development students to help them see the range of possibilities that they can employ in their work with young children. ... Read more

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This Handbook has the potential to redress the distortion of information about particular religions, to add to understanding about what religions have in common, and to suggest how they can work together for justice and peace. In the present day there is a vital resurgence of interest in religions, with new movements emerging from long established religious traditions. There is also, around the world, a growing sense of the need to preserve indigenous religions, even when these have accommodated to imported traditions. The Handbook gives a voice to this resurgence of interest, and addresses inter-religious education from a range of religious viewpoints and contexts. The publication is very timely especially in light of the need for religions of the world to together contemplate and actively promote human rights, social justice and peace, for religions have a specific mandate for this.

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Michael Field focuses on the recent developments that are a result of England's Further and Higher Education Act of 1992, taking as his theme the accreditation of prior learning. The provision by a college of APL, along with the support services needed to ensure its success, can be used as the acid test of whether a college is truly open and accessible to a variety of learners. The book offers valuable advice for staff engaged in transforming their colleges to meet students' needs. ... Read more

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In today’s pluralistic world, many cultures feel a shift in the relationship of people with religious traditions. A corresponding movement is a resurgence of interest in human spirituality. This Handbook presents the views of education scholars who engage these concepts every day, in a collection of essays reflecting the international state of the discipline. Out of these rises a vision for the emergence of a just and peaceful world.

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Teacher Professional Learning in an Age of Compliance: Mind the Gap examines ways in which practice-based inquiry in educational settings, in a number of different countries and contexts, can transcend current ways of working and thinking such that authentic professional learning is the result.

The authors contend that education policy, under pressure from a number of quarters, is retreating into a standardized, audited, and backward-looking arena, with the advances of more progressive educational philosophy being rolled back.

In an age where practitioner inquiry and action research have often been ‘hijacked’ for the purposes of broad-based policy implementation, this book offers a rationale for reclaiming the critical edge so fundamental to inquiry-based professional learning. It examines the potential of inquiry-based forms of teacher professional learning to contribute to the growth of professional knowledge for and about teachers’ work.

The authors intend that the book will assist in building new forms of professional knowledge that go beyond the current compliance model – engineered from less enduring materials – to inform a new model with its foundations in a strong ethical and moral framework. They also believe that this new model, if implemented, will help to reverse today’s conservative educational trends and make teacher professional development a force for genuine progress once again.

They have consciously moved away from the celebratory tone of much of the academic reporting of teacher professional learning, adopting instead a genuinely critical edge. In covering a wide range of policies and practices from across the international spectrum, they have allowed themselves the freedom to engage in serious epistemological arguments about the nature of professional knowledge, as well as how it is constructed and employed.

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Acknowledging and understanding spiritual formation is vital in contemporary education. This book explores the dynamic relationship between education and wellbeing. It examines the theory underpinning the practice of education in different societies where spirituality and care are believed to be at the heart of all educational experiences. The book recognizes that, regardless of the context or type of educational experience, education is a caring activity in which the development of the whole person - body, mind and spirit - is a central aim for teachers and educators in both formal and informal learning.

The chapters in this handbook present and discuss topics that focus on spirituality as an integral part of human experience and, consequently, essential to educational programs which aim to address personal and communal identity, foster resilience, empathy and compassion, and promote meaning and connectedness.

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'User-friendly...contain[s] clear and usefulillustrations....should stimulate discussion and experimentation amongtraining communitiesworld wide.' -Ergonomics ... Read more

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This text examines events in the lives of a generation of Ontario residents who graduated from grade twelve in 1973. The study recreates the world of the early 1970s in which these high school students faced the future. It recounts their educational and occupational experiences, follows their vocational and career pathways during the subsequent decade, and searches for patterns in their personal and family lives through the late 1980s and early 1990s. This interdisciplinary project aims to provide a wealth of information about the links between schooling and employment in a time of economic instability and address the different ways in which women and men attempt to reconcile familial and occupational demands. The study employs life course theory, which explores the dynamic relationship between the individual and the social order. Structural forces such as social class, gender, ethnicity, and race played an role in the lives of the Class of '73.Using survey research, historical documentation, in-depth interviews, and personal biographies, the study seeks to explain one generation's emergence from adolescence into adulthood in an era characterised by both opportunity and uncertainty. ... Read more