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Biological control of plant diseases and plant pathogens is of great significance in forestry and agriculture. This book, the first of its kind, is organized around the indication that allelochemicals can be employed for biological control of plant pathogens and plant diseases. This volume focuses on discovery and development of natural product based fungicides for agriculture, direct use of allelochemicals, and application of allelopathy in pest management.

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Offers essential information on the detection of plant pathogens in seeds, vegetatively propagated seed materials, infected plants, soil, and water. ... Read more

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The book presents strategies for the management of crop diseases, and explores means of integrating various strategies to achieve desired levels of suppression. It describes methods of preventing introduction of microbial pathogens, cultural practices that suppress pathogen populations, alternative soil treatments, resistant cultivars, biocontrol agents, biotechnology for improvement of disease resistance, and crop disease management using chemicals. The introductory chapters review the characteristics of microbial pathogens and the diagnosis of crop diseases caused by them. ... Read more

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Chapters: Armillaria Gallica, Armillaria Luteobubalina, List of Armillaria Species, Conidiosporomyces, Chrysanthemum White Rust, Westea, Pleuroceras, Armillaria Nabsnona, Venturia, Gibberella Tricincta, Puccinia Malvacearum, Nectria Pseudotrichia, Cryptobasidiaceae, Brachybasidiaceae, Exobasidiaceae, Fusarium Oxysporum F.sp. Ciceris, Fusarium Oxysporum F.sp. Vasinfectum, Armillaria Novae-Zelandiae, Armillaria Ectypa, Armillaria Limonea, Fusarium Oxysporum F.sp. Spinacia, Armillaria Cepistipes, Thecaphora Solani, Graphiolaceae, Armillaria Sinapina, Armillaria Calvescens, Armillaria Borealis, Gliocladiopsis Tenuis, Calonectria Pyrochroa, Armillaria Gemina, Calonectria Ilicicola, Fusarium Oxysporum F.sp. Carthami, Fusarium Oxysporum F.sp. Cattleyae, Gymnosporangium Libocedri, Armillaria Laricina, Armillaria Sparrei. Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 107. Not illustrated. Free updates online. Purchase includes a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Excerpt: Armillaria bulbosa (Barla) Kile ... Read more

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This digital document is a journal article from Trends in Ecology & Evolution, published by Elsevier in 2004. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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Emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) pose threats to conservation and public health. Here, we apply the definition of EIDs used in the medical and veterinary fields to botany and highlight a series of emerging plant diseases. We include EIDs of cultivated and wild plants, some of which are of significant conservation concern. The underlying cause of most plant EIDs is the anthropogenic introduction of parasites, although severe weather events are also important drivers of disease emergence. Much is known about crop plant EIDs, but there is little information about wild-plant EIDs, suggesting that their impact on conservation is underestimated. We conclude with recommendations for improving strategies for the surveillance and control of plant EIDs. ... Read more

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Morphological, biological, biochemical and physiological characteristics have been used for the detection, identification and differentiation of fungal pathogens up to species level. Tests based on biological characteristics are less consistent. Immunoassays have been shown to be effective in detecting fungal pathogens present in plants and environmental samples. Development of monoclonal antibody technology has greatly enhanced the sensitivity and specificity of detection, identification and differentiation of fungal species and varieties/strains. Nucleic acid-based techniques involving hybridization with or amplification of unique DNA have provided results rapidly and reliably. Presentation of a large number of protocols is a unique feature of this volume. ... Read more

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The need for the development of techniques based on the characteristics of the viral proteins and genomic nucleic acids was realized in order to detect, identify, differentiate and quantify viruses in the infected plants/planting materials with or without symptoms of infection. Immunoassays have been successfully applied for the detection of viruses in crop and weed host plant species as well as in the vectors. Nucleic acid-based techniques have been demonstrated to be the most reliable and sensitive tests for detection, identification and differentiation of viruses and viroids present in plants and planting materials.. Inclusion of numerous protocols in appropriate chapters as appendix is a unique feature of this volume. ... Read more

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Microbial plant pathogens causing qualitative and quantitative losses in all corps are present not only in the infected plants, but also in the environmental comprising of soil, water and air. The vectors present in the environment spread the microbial pathogens to short and/or long distances. Detection of microbial pathogens rapidly and reliably by employing suitable sensitive applicable for different ecosystems. The pathogens have to be identified precisely and differentiated and quantified to plan appropriate short- and long-term strategies to contain the incidence and spread of diseases induced by them. This book aims to present all relevant and latest information on the detection techniques based on the biological, biochemical, immunological and nucleic acid characteristics of microbial pathogens presents in the host plants, as well as in the natural substrates that support the survival and perpetuation of the pathogens. ... Read more

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This book describes the genetics, biochemistry, and epidemiology of host-pathogen interactions in plant disease, especially as they concern the breeding of crops for disease resistance. It analyzes a wealth of information that has not previously been recorded in other books or reviews. Some of it stems from basic surveys of disease in the field. The analysis of these surveys not only explains a great deal about host-pathogen interactions that was heretofore obscure, but also indicates directions for future research. Other data, from original papers, have now been coordinated for the first time and organized in a way that suggests new areas of research. The book contains more than fifty new tables that integrate data and relate them to general principles of host-pathogen interactions.
For plant pathologists and plant breeders concerned with the control of plant disease, the book shows how to manipulate the host and, indirectly, the pathogen in order to control disease. It analyzes records of resistance against disease that time has shown to be stable in an effort to determine what has kept this resistance stable. It also analyzes the structure of virulence in populations of a pathogen, and demonstrates how virulence can be deliberately restricted. The author updates information on the gene-for-gene hypothesis and discusses the numerical and biological implications of the hypothesis. He analyzes the structure of epidemics based on three fundamental variables: the initial inoculum, the progeny/parent ratio of the pathogen, and the latent period. The author concentrates on the progeny/parent ratio - a subject not hitherto probed in detail in the literature - and shows how to determine the type of epidemic that can occur. ... Read more

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Studies on molecular biology of pathogens, infection process and disease resistance, have provided information essentially required to understand the vulnerable stages at which the pathogens can be tackled effectively and to adopt novel strategies to incorporate disease resistance genes from diverse sources and /or to induce resistance of cultivars with desirable agronomic attributes using biotic or abiotic agents. The nature of interaction between the gene products of the pathogen and plant appears to determine the outcome of the interaction resulting in either disease progression or suppression. Transgenic plants with engineered genes show promise for effective exploitation of this approach for practical application. Research efforts during the recent years to sequence the whole genomes of the pathogens and plants may lead to development of better ways of manipulating disease resistance mechanisms enabling the grower to achieve higher production levels and the consumer to enjoy safer food and agricultural products. Experimental protocols included in appropriate chapters will be useful for researchers and graduate students.

Product Description

Studies on molecular biology of pathogens, infection process and disease resistance, have provided information essentially required to understand the vulnerable stages at which the pathogens can be tackled effectively and to adopt novel strategies to incorporate disease resistance genes from diverse sources and /or to induce resistance of cultivars with desirable agronomic attributes using biotic or abiotic agents. The nature of interaction between the gene products of the pathogen and plant appears to determine the outcome of the interaction resulting in either disease progression or suppression. Transgenic plants with engineered genes show promise for effective exploitation of this approach for practical application. Research efforts during the recent years to sequence the whole genomes of the pathogens and plants may lead to development of better ways of manipulating disease resistance mechanisms enabling the grower to achieve higher production levels and the consumer to enjoy safer food and agricultural products. Experimental protocols included in appropriate chapters will be useful for researchers and graduate students.

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This digital document is a journal article from Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, published by Elsevier in 2006. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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Olive oil mill residues constitute a major environmental problem. Although these wastes have a high fertilizer value when applied to the soil, there is concern about their use because of their antimicrobial and phytotoxic properties. Furthermore, their effect on saprophytic growth and pathogenicity of soilborne and foliar fungi is poorly known. In this study we investigated the effects of olive mill dry residue (DOR) on: (a) growth of the four crop species Lepidium sativum, Lycopersicon esculentum, Lactuca sativa and Triticum aestivum; (b) saprophytic growth of the four phytopathogenic fungi Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici (FOL), Fusarium culmorum (FC), Sclerotinia minor (SM) and Botrytis cinerea (BC); (c) influence of soil amendment with DOR on the three plant-soilborne pathogen systems, L. esculentum-FOL, T. aestivum-FC, L. sativa-SM, and the two plant-foliar pathogen systems, L. esculentum-BC and L. sativa-BC. Residues resulted phytotoxic, both in laboratory and greenhouse bioassays, for all plant species in relation to their concentrations. L. sativum and L. sativa were the most sensitive species to the residues, followed by L. esculentum and T. aestivum. In contrast with the results observed with plant species, the performances (radial growth and hyphae density) of the tested phytopathogenic fungi were positively affected by DOR. In greenhouse bioassays, L. sativa mortality imputable to SM increased on soil amended with DOR. BC foliar disease dramatically increased on L. sativa and L. esculentum plants grown on soil amended with DOR at all used concentrations. Differently, soil amendment with DOR did not significantly affect the disease incidence of FC on T. aestivum and FOL on L. esculentum. Our study demonstrates that, in controlled conditions, undecomposed DOR affects the growth of crop species (phytotoxic effect) and phytopathogenic fungi (substrate effect), and that the interaction between these factors, in some cases, drives to an increase of fungal disease incidence. ... Read more