Geometry.Net - Basic_P: Planets General

Darwin Home Page - Space Infrared Interferometer - Planet Finding Mission
Darwin Mission Home Page. Darwin is a space infrared interferometer to do general astrophysics and search for signs of life on Earthlike planets orbiting nearby stars. It is a candidate cornerstone 9 for a European Space Agency mission in 2015.
http://ast.star.rl.ac.uk/darwin/

Extractions: Aims: Characterising planetary systems orbiting nearby stars Searching for signs of life on any Earth-like planets found Performing general astrophysics The European Space Agency has selected the "InfraRed Space Interferometer - Darwin" as a mission for its Horizons 2000 programme. Selection of a launch date, probably at or after 2015, will be made on cost, science and technology grounds sometime before then. These pages give some information on this project, and thus are supplementry to the official ESA Darwin website. See also ESA Science and ESA RSSD Astrophysics A description of the interferometer and the science may be found in the mission page. Darwin spacecraft Detecting Venus, Earth, and Mars 30 light-years away Detecting life on an Earth-like planet 30 light-years away Caption
Astronomy And The Universe From Stars To Planets And Galaxies
A general information site for those who have a beginner's curiosity about the stars and planets
http://users.pandora.be/benastro
Twelve Planets
Daily horoscopes and general sun sign information.
http://www.twelveplanets.com/
Kluwer Academic Publishers - Celestial Mechanics And Dynamical Astronomy
An international journal concerned with the broadest range of dynamical astronomy and its applications, as well as with peripheral fields. The papers published include treatments of the mathematical, physical and computational aspects of planetory theory, lunar theory, general and special perturbation theory, ephemerides, resonance theory, geodesy of the Earth and the planets, dynamics, the 3body problem, the N-body problem, space mechanics, ring systems, galactic dynamics, reference frames, time, relativity, nongravitational forces, computer methods, computer languages for analytical developments, and database management.
http://www.wkap.nl/journalhome.htm/0923-2958
Our Solar System - Planets Alive - Uranus
Uranus. general Information. Uranus is the seventh planet of the Solar System. Uranus,third largest of the planets, is an oddball of the solar system.
http://pauldunn.dynip.com/solarsystem/Uranus_A.html

Extractions: oort cloud From the Earth Uranus can be seen with a telescope. But even with large telescopes it can only be seen as a small greenish disk with no surface details visible. Our knowledge of the outer planets in the solar system has been revolutionised by the amazing results from the close fly-bys of each by Voyager 2 which was at its closest to Uranus on January 24 1986. The most striking observation was that the planet Uranus shows almost no features! It appears as a large green-blue ball from Earth and from the Voyager pictures. Astronomers already knew that Uranus rotated about an axis that is tilted at 98 to the pole of its orbital plane. This means that Uranus is `lying on its side' and rotating in the opposite sense to that of the other planets. The effect on the surface is that the seasons on Uranus are linked to its orbital period about the Sun, so near the poles winter will last 42 earth-years! Uranus was the first planet to be discovered that was not known to the ancients. William Herschel announced its discovery in 1781 although initially he thought that it was a comet. After he had realised that it was a planet he wanted to call it Georgium Sidus, after his patron King George III. It was not until 1850 when John Couch Adams suggested a change of name that Uranus was universally adopted. Herschel was not the first astronomer to record Uranus but he was the first to recognise that it was not a star. The earliest records of Uranus are by Flamsteed in 1690 (he called it a star, 34 Tauri), 1712 and four times in 1715. There are at least 15 other known sightings by three other astronomers before Herschel's discovery.
Cyprus Astronomical Society
Java applets of the solar system and the moon's current phase; comprehensive illustrated information about the planets, comets, nebulae, meteors and other phenomenon; monthly nightsky data; links; a forum; latest club and general news, and membership information.
http://www.cyprusastronomy.com
Questions And Answers About Planets And General Astronomy
For planets, or any object for that matter, this force is the gravitational force.The solution of the possible trajectories includes the general conic
http://www.ssec.wisc.edu/~sanjayl/planets/qanda/qa051396.htm

Extractions: Do you have a question about the planets or astronomy that you have been wanting to ask but have not? E-Mail your questions to: planets@ssec.wisc.edu. The answers are provided to satisfy your curiosity only. Notification of errors or other comments on the answers will be appreciated. May 13,1996 Questions from Ms. Ruth Paulson's Third Grade students at Cottage Grove Elementary School Questions and Answers We believe that the planets formed by condensation of gas from the planetary nebula surrounding the sun onto small planetesimals which then grew by accretion and by collision with other similar objects. The rings most likely formed by the break-up of small moons and other objects in the vicinity of the planets. The material in the rings is constantly colliding, forming larger objects and breaking up. The rings are threfore not static, but are continuously changing. No. It would be fun to see the earth from space myself, but I am content to watch images of the earth taken by unmanned spacecraft.
Welcome To The Planetary Studies Foundation
Promoting study of the planets and astronomy in general. News and events, and related articles.
http://www.planets.org/
United Interstellar Planets
The cornerstone of a democracy is it's people. The general Assembly servesas a directlyelected representative board of the citizens of UIP.
http://www.uip.org/assembly/index.php

Extractions: The cornerstone of a democracy is it's people. The General Assembly serves as a directly-elected representative board of the citizens of UIP. It makes recommendations to the UIP Council for changes to the operation or administration of UIP. The Chairperson of the General Assembly is the Secretary-General. Proposals that are UIP-wide should be submitted to the General Assembly. If they are specific to a particular section (eg. Starfleet) they should be submitted directly to that department.
Jupiter
general information, some statistical data and links.
http://seds.lpl.arizona.edu/nineplanets/nineplanets/jupiter.html

Extractions: Jupiter The Bringer of Jollity J upiter is the fifth planet from the Sun and by far the largest. Jupiter is more than twice as massive as all the other planets combined (318 times Earth). orbit : 778,330,000 km (5.20 AU ) from Sun diameter : 142,984 km (equatorial) mass : 1.900e27 kg J upiter (a.k.a. Jove; Greek Zeus ) was the King of the Gods, the ruler of Olympus and the patron of the Roman state. Zeus was the son of Cronus (Saturn). J upiter is the fourth brightest object in the sky (after the Sun , the Moon and Venus ; at some times Mars is also brighter). It has been known since prehistoric times. Galileo 's discovery , in 1610, of Jupiter's four large moons Io Europa Ganymede and Callisto (now known as the Galilean moons) was the first discovery of a center of motion not apparently centered on the Earth. It was a major point in favor of Copernicus 's heliocentric theory of the motions of the planets; Galileo's outspoken support of the Copernican theory got him in trouble with the Inquisition J upiter was first visited by Pioneer 10 in 1973 and later by Pioneer 11 Voyager 1 Voyager 2 and Ulysses . The spacecraft Galileo is currently in orbit around Jupiter and will be sending back data for at least the next two years.
United Interstellar Planets - Charter: General Orders
time, to the extent that such discussions do not violate their command oath or specificduties to the United Interstellar planets per these general Orders or
http://www.uip.org/charter/generalorders.html

Extractions: To protect both citzens and non-citizens from damage that could be caused by exploration, Starfleet personnel must operate within the confines of these General Orders, as outlined by Starfleet Command and amended from time to time. Chapter I - Starfleet General Orders General Order 1 - Prime Directive As the right of each sentient species to live in accordance with its normal cultural evolution is considered sacred, no Starfleet personnel may interfere with the normal and healthy development of alien life and culture. Such interference includes introducing superior knowledge, strength, or technology to a world whose society is incapable of handling such advantages wisely. Starfleet personnel may not violate this Prime Directive, even to save their lives and/or their ship, unless they are acting to right an earlier violation or an accidental contamination of said culture. This directive takes precedence over any and all other considerations, and carries with it the highest moral obligation. General Order 2 No Starfleet personnel shall unnecessarily use force, either collectively or individually, against members of the United Interstellar Planets, their duly authorized representatives, spokespersons, or designated leaders, or members of any sentient non-member race, for any reason whatsoever.
Solar System Exploration: Bodies: Jupiter
general features and data about the planet and its satellites.
http://sse.jpl.nasa.gov/features/planets/jupiter/jupiter.html

Extractions: With its numerous moons and several rings, the Jupiter system is a "mini-solar system." Jupiter is the most massive planet in our solar system, and in composition it resembles a small star. In fact, if Jupiter had been between fifty and one hundred times more massive, it would have become a star rather than a planet. On January 7, 1610, while skygazing from his garden in Padua, Italy, astronomer Galileo Galilei was surprised to see four small "stars" near Jupiter. He had discovered Jupiter's four largest moons, now called Io Europa Ganymede , and Callisto . Collectively, these four moons are known today as the Galilean satellites. Jupiter, the Great Red Spot and moon Io. Galileo would be astonished at what we have learned about Jupiter and its moons in the past 30 years. Io is the most volcanically active body in our solar system. Ganymede is the largest planetary moon and has its own magnetic field. A liquid ocean may lie beneath the frozen crust of Europa. An icy ocean may also lie beneath the crust of Callisto. As recently as February 2003, astronomers discovered 12 new moons orbiting the giant planet. Jupiter now officially has 52 moons - the most in the solar system. Many of the outer moons are probably
Exploring Canada's Role In Space
Home Radio Television Local, Contact Search Help. Canada in Space,Explore the planets, Science of Space, Explore the planets. back
http://www.cbc4kids.cbc.ca/general/the-lab/space/default.html
Saturn
general information, some statistical data and links.
http://seds.lpl.arizona.edu/nineplanets/nineplanets/saturn.html

Extractions: Saturn The Bringer of Old Age S aturn is the sixth planet from the Sun and the second largest orbit : 1,429,400,000 km (9.54 AU ) from Sun diameter : 120,536 km (equatorial) mass : 5.68e26 kg I n Roman mythology , Saturn is the god of agriculture. The associated Greek god, Cronus , was the son of Uranus and Gaia and the father of Zeus (Jupiter). Saturn is the root of the English word "Saturday" (see Appendix 4 S aturn has been known since prehistoric times. Galileo was the first to observe it with a telescope in 1610; he noted its odd appearance but was confused by it. Early observations of Saturn were complicated by the fact that the Earth passes through the plane of Saturn's rings every few years as Saturn moves in its orbit. A low resolution image of Saturn therefore changes drastically. It was not until 1659 that Christiaan Huygens correctly inferred the geometry of the rings. Saturn's rings remained unique in the known solar system until 1977 when very faint rings were discovered around Uranus (and shortly thereafter around Jupiter and Neptune S aturn was first visited by Pioneer 11 in 1979 and later by Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 Cassini , now on its way, will arrive in 2004.
WebStars: Astrophysics In Cyberspace
This list of astronomical resources created by the High Energy Astrophysics Science Archive Research Category Science Technology Space NASA Education review site of all the new discoveries of and about new extrasolar planets. SETIInstitute serves as the home for scientific research in the general field of
http://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/www_info/webstars.html

Extractions: -Archive Interfaces- Argus: proposal info Astrobrowse: worldwide catalog search Browse: search HEASARC archives SkyMorph: search variable objects SkyView: virtual observatory CalDB: Calibration database Coord Converter Date Converter Energy Converter FITS: standard data format FITSIO: FITS subroutine library FTOOLS: general s/w for FITS files fV: FITS file editor nH: Column Density RPS proposal submission RXTE ASM weather map Time Converter TIPTOPbase: atomic data Viewing: possible obs times WebPIMMS: flux/cnt converter WebSpec: spectral sims X-ray Background Tool Xanadu: data analysis suite X-ray, Gamma-ray, EUV Source Finder xTime: RXTE time converter HEASARC Resources/Education -Resources/Education- Contact Info APOD: Astronomy Picture of the Day Ask an Astronomer Bibliography HEASARC Pict of the Week History of High-Energy Astronomy Images, Spectra, Light curves Imagine the Universe! Legacy Journal Meetings Resources Staff StarChild (K-8 EPO) Tour the site WebStars: gen. astronomy info/news What's New
Neptune
general information, some statistical data and links.
http://www.nineplanets.org/neptune.html

Extractions: Neptune The Mystic N eptune is the eighth planet from the Sun and the fourth largest (by diameter). Neptune is smaller in diameter but larger in mass than Uranus orbit : 4,504,000,000 km (30.06 AU ) from Sun diameter : 49,532 km (equatorial) mass : 1.0247e26 kg I n Roman mythology Neptune (Greek: Poseidon ) was the god of the Sea. A fter the discovery of Uranus, it was noticed that its orbit was not as it should be in accordance with Newton 's laws. It was therefore predicted that another more distant planet must be perturbing Uranus' orbit. Neptune was first observed by Galle and d'Arrest on 1846 Sept 23 very near to the locations independently predicted by Adams and Le Verrier from calculations based on the observed positions of Jupiter Saturn and Uranus . An international dispute arose between the English and French (though not, apparently between Adams and Le Verrier personally) over priority and the right to name the new planet; they are now jointly credited with Neptune's discovery. Subsequent observations have shown that the orbits calculated by Adams and Le Verrier diverge from Neptune's actual orbit fairly quickly. Had the search for the planet taken place a few years earlier or later it would not have been found anywhere near the predicted location. More than two centuries earlier, in 1613
Al-Biruni On The General Characteristics Of The Planets
The planets in Renaissance Astrology. Christopher Warnock, Esq.AlBiruni on the general Characteristics of the planets HOME.
http://www.renaissanceastrology.com/albiruniplanetsgeneral.html
Earth
general information, some statistical data and links.
http://seds.lpl.arizona.edu/nineplanets/nineplanets/earth.html

Extractions: Earth E arth is the third planet from the Sun and the fifth largest: orbit : 149,600,000 km (1.00 AU ) from Sun diameter : 12,756.3 km mass : 5.972e24 kg E arth is the only planet whose English name does not derive from Greek/Roman mythology. The name derives from Old English and Germanic. There are, of course, hundreds of other names for the planet in other languages . In Roman Mythology, the goddess of the Earth was Tellus - the fertile soil (Greek: Gaia terra mater - Mother Earth). I t was not until the time of Copernicus (the sixteenth century) that it was understood that the Earth is just another planet. E arth, of course, can be studied without the aid of spacecraft. Nevertheless it was not until the twentieth century that we had maps of the entire planet. Pictures of the planet taken from space are of considerable importance; for example, they are an enormous help in weather prediction and especially in tracking and predicting hurricanes. And they are extraordinarily beautiful. T he Earth is divided into several layers which have distinct chemical and seismic properties (depths in km): 0- 40 Crust 40- 400 Upper mantle 400- 650 Transition region 650-2700 Lower mantle 2700-2890 D'' layer 2890-5150 Outer core 5150-6378 Inner core The crust varies considerably in thickness, it is thinner under the oceans, thicker under the continents. The inner core and crust are solid; the outer core and mantle layers are plastic or semi-fluid. The various layers are separated by
Bigchalk: HomeworkCentral: Planets In General (Planet Overview)
Looking for the best facts and sites on planets in general? This HomeworkCentralsection focuses on 'Planet Overview' and 'Middle
http://www.bigchalk.com/cgi-bin/WebObjects/WOPortal.woa/Homework/Teacher/Resourc
The Sun
general information, some statistical data and links.
http://www.seds.org/billa/tnp/sol.html

Extractions: The Sun Sol T he Sun is a normal star, one of more than 100 billion stars in our galaxy. diameter km mass kg ... K (surface) 15,600,000 K (core) T he Sun is by far the largest object in the solar system. It contains more than 99.8% of the total mass of the Solar System ( Jupiter contains most of the rest). I t is often said that the Sun is an "ordinary" star. That's true in the sense that there are many others similar to it. But there are many more smaller stars than larger ones; the Sun is in the top 10% by mass. The median size of stars in our galaxy is probably less than half the mass of the Sun. T he Sun is personified in many mythologies: the Greeks called it Helios and the Romans called it Sol T he Sun is, at present, about 75% hydrogen and 25% helium by mass (92.1% hydrogen and 7.8% helium by number of atoms); everything else (" metals ") amounts to only 0.1%. This changes slowly over time as the Sun converts hydrogen to helium in its core. T he outer layers of the Sun exhibit differential rotation : at the equator the surface rotates once every 25.4 days; near the poles it's as much as 36 days. This odd behavior is due to the fact that the Sun is not a solid body like the Earth. Similar effects are seen in the

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