Product Description
A collection of 32 Technical Manuals on CD in Adobe Acrobat (.PDF) format. ... Read more

Product Description
‘The pace and scope of technological change is increasing, but some innovative technologies take years before they give rise to saleable products. Before they do, there is competition in ideas and research, but the ideas cannot be market tested, because there are no products or services to offer to consumers. Competition law, in Europe and the USA, cannot be applied to competition in research for innovation as if it was competition between products. Completely different problems arise and a completely different approach is needed. This book, the first on innovation markets, shows how this new approach has been used by competition authorities on both sides of the Atlantic in a wide variety of cases. It analyses in depth and detail the comparative law and economics of the problems arising from the different stages of these "markets". It considers how far conclusions can be drawn about the future and comes to interesting, practical and sensible conclusions. And it avoids both unjustified scepticism and exaggerated enthusiasm about the theories of innovation markets.’– John Temple Lang, Cleary Gottlieb Steen and Hamilton LLP, Brussels and London; Trinity College Dublin, Ireland and Oxford University, UK

This book examines the legal standards – and their underlying economic rationale – for the protection of competition in the innovation process, in both European competition law and American antitrust law.

Apart from relevant regulatory frameworks, the author also reviews a range of case laws, which assess whether a transaction or unilateral conduct would limit market participants’ incentives and abilities for continued innovation and future competition. At the center of this study is the innovation market concept. This concept entails the delineation, for purposes of antitrust analysis, of an upstream market for competing R&D. Questions of market definition, the assessment of innovation competition in defined markets, the role of efficiencies in the appraisal of transactions and possible remedies to alleviate anticompetitive effects are also explored.

Updating the field of research in light of new developments and broadening and deepening the categorization and analysis of the innovation market area, this book will be of great interest to academics, practitioners and consultants, and also public policymakers. ... Read more

Product Description
This book describes the legal situation which arises during occupation when private property is temporarily used, annexed, or destroyed by the occupying force. It addresses what happens to property after occupation is terminated and the issues of restitution and compensation. The author focuses on the postwar occupation of Japan by American forces, a period about which little has been written, and is of great interest to international lawyers and modern historians. ... Read more

Product Description
The adoption of electronic commercial transactions has facilitated cross-border trade and business, but the complexity of determining the place of business and other connecting factors in cyberspace has challenged existing private international law. This comparison of the rules of internet jurisdiction and choice of law as well as online dispute resolution (ODR) covers both B2B and B2C contracts in the EU, USA and China. It highlights the achievement of the Rome I Regulation in the EU, evaluates the merits of the Hague Convention on Choice of Court Agreement at the international level and gives an insight into the current developments in CIDIP. The in-depth research allows for solutions to be proposed relating to the problems of the legal uncertainty of internet conflict of law and the validity and enforceability of ODR agreements and decisions. ... Read more

Product Description
Since the end of the Cold War the United States has intervened militarily in a number of civil conflicts around the world, with varying degrees of success. This book examines four US-sponsored interventions (Panama, Somalia, Haiti and Bosnia), focusing on the vital nation-building efforts which have followed military action. The book seeks to provide a greater understanding of the successes and failures of US policy, to improve strategies for reconstruction, and to provide some insight into the conditions under which intervention and nation-building are likely to succeed. ... Read more

Customer Reviews (4)

The Cold War's Over: Let's take some names
The Berlin Wall came crashing down in November 1989.The Cold War ended with neither a bang nor a whimper but - true to 1980s form - with a party.Two unfortunate things came about from this.One, the only 80s person more annoying than Rodney Dangerfield - David Hasselhoff - sang for freedom atop the wall.The second was the turning off the spigot of billions of dollars to prop up regimes throughout the world.What were formerly acceptable regimes as US or Soviet clients were now totally unacceptable.The New World Order of "humanitarian" and democracy based intervention had come.

While Karin von Hippel touches briefly upon why each post war intervention happened, her main focus is the success of the intervention itself.She tacitly accepts that interventions into small troubled or failed states will continue to happen.Therefore we must do our best to do it right.From Panama to Kosovo she looks find the lessons that were learned from each intervention and how such lessons can be put into practice later.

But, what is the most interesting is the lessons unlearned.If one were to take each of the lessons from Panama, Haiti, Bosnia and Kosovo and place them on a grid next to the main problems facing the US in Iraq, one sees either lessons ignored or unlearned by the new administration.Written in 1999, and therefore before the Iraq War or the issue of WMD - right or wrong - it is instructive to see that people did see the problems that could be faced in Iraq coming.

Von Hippel's style is clear and concise.Very little jargon or classic Political Science turgidness is found in this book.The small-scale, low-intensity war will be the use of the military over the next decades.It is therefore refreshing that someone is willing to look to the interventions not as to whether or not it should have happened but how could it be better?Those who do not learn from history are condemned to repeat it.Unfortunately, this administration apparently did not read Democracy by Force.

Useful survey of US interventions
This book analyses the developments in nation-building following US-sponsored military intervention by examining the four post-Cold War cases in which both took place: Panama, Somalia, Haiti, and Bosnia.

The UN did not authorise the US intervention in Panama. President Bush launched the invasion `to restore democracy', after thirty years of supporting the drug-trafficking dictator General Noriega. As von Hippel writes, `the democracy excuse rang hollow'. 37% of the people are still below the poverty line. Its debt is 70% of its GDP. US troops are still there.

The US government intervened in Somalia in 1992-95 under what von Hippel calls `the humanitarian pretext'. The Security Council breached the UN Charter by authorising the intervention. Several thousand Somalis were killed. In the `Blackhawk down' incident in Mogadishu, 300 Somalis were killed and 700 wounded; 30% of the casualties were women and children. Intervention cost $4 billion, used 50,000 troops and worsened an already dire situation. The World Bank has no figures for the economy, but knows that the country owes exactly $2.3 billion.

Over Haiti, the Security Council again broke the UN Charter by sanctioning military intervention, for another `unique' situation `requiring an exceptional response'. Haiti was no threat to `international peace and security', so Cuba, Mexico, Uruguay and Venezuela opposed intervention. The CIA funded corrupt, drug-running fascist generals, which von Hippel calls `somewhat unpredictable and bizarre', despite noting the similarity with US support for Noriega. Structural Adjustment Programs and sanctions, as usual, worsened the country's problems, causing 60% unemployment. 80% of the rural population still live below the poverty line.

The US intervention in Bosnia has produced a military protectorate, with the economy destroyed. In 1997, Serbia's unemployment rate was 50% and in the Republic of Srpska, part of Bosnia, 90%.

Von Hippel notes that foreign aid and international charity cause aid dependency. In Somalia, for instance, foreign aid funded 70% of the national budget, before the collapse. She writes that aid "tends to enrich only the elite at the expense of the masses."

Her accounts show that nations cannot be built from outside, especially not by US military intervention.

Jolly good read
Karin von Hippel presents an excellent analysis of the US military in the post-Cold War era. She gives a intriging looks at what the future holds for the US military and what kinds of projects it is most likely to behold. She observes most of the factors causing intervention, even those not included in administration publications. Hopefully we can look forward to further editions.

A must-read for anyone interested in 20th-century history
Karin von Hippel is an up-and-coming foreign policy thinker whose academic credentials (Yale, London School of Economics)are reinforced by stints in Kenya, Somalia, Haiti and Kosovo. As a result, her examination of US military interventions in the post-Vietnam era is refreshingly clear-headed and readable, as well as being extremely smart. Von Hippel looks at four instances of US intervention--Panama, Somalia, Haiti and Bosnia--and discusses why the US got involved in those countries, whether US intervention worked, and what Americans can learn from those experiences. What I particularly liked about this book is that it's insightful and intelligent at a level academics would find satisfying. But I'm not an academic, and I found it really interesting. Definitely worth a read if you're interested in modern American history. ... Read more

Product Description
Comparative Income Tax Deferral examines the benefitsachieved by deferring income or accelerating deductions, withreference to the income tax systems of the United States and Japan.The United States has been at the forefront of recognising the timevalue of money benefit of tax deferral and of devising methods toprevent tax deferral. Japan, on the other hand, is only graduallyplacing greater emphasis on tax deferral issues, in light of theactivities of foreign companies, and the constant introduction of newfinancial products which take advantage of the tax deferral allowedunder Japanese income tax rules. The book starts with a detailed discussion of the 1948 Cary Brownmodel and its various interpretations, an understanding of which iskey to any analysis of tax deferral issues. The author goes on toprovide a comparative analysis of the different tax deferral patternsthat can arise under the United States and Japanese income taxsystems, and of methods introduced by the United States to eliminatethe tax deferral benefit. A history and overview of the Japaneseincome tax system is included in the appendix. Principles of tax deferral and time value of money are crucial in anera of globalisation in commerce and finance. They cut across allareas of taxation and are particularly important in the context oftaxation of derivatives and other financial instruments.Comparative Income Tax Deferral is an important addition to theliterature in this field and will be of great interest to tax andbusiness law practitioners, investment bankers and financial planners. ... Read more

Customer Reviews (1)

A Must Have for Cross Border Tax Planning with Japan
The insight into the Japanese tax system, Japan's view of deferral, and where planning opportunities lie is phenomenal! For anyone investing in Japan, I would highly recommend that you spend some time with this book and see if it doesn't spark some creative thoughts for your clients. ... Read more

Product Description
US Army, Technical Manual, TM 9-1340-214-10, 66MM LIGHT ANTITANK WEAPON (LAW) SYSTEM M72A1, M72A2 WITH COUPLER, AND M72A3, 1992

SCOPE
THIS MANUAL CONTAINS A DESCRIPTION OF AND INSTRUCTIONS FOR OPERATIONS OF THE 66-MM LIGHT ANTITANK WEAPON (LAW) SYSTEMM72A1, M72A2 WITH COUPLER, AND M72A3.

THE OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE TACTICAL AND PRACTICE WEAPONS ARE IDENTICAL.

THE PRACTICE LAUNCHER, M190 WITH M73 PRACTICE ROCKET, IS A MODIFIED M72A1 LAUNCHER CONVERTED TO FIRE A 35-MM M73 ROCKET. THE ROCKET, WHICH CONTAINS A SPOTTING CHARGE, SIMULATES THE FIRING OF THE TACTICAL WEAPON. SEE TM 91340-224-12 FOR OPERATOR AND UNIT MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS.

SECTION I GENERAL
II A BRIEF DESCRIPTION
III DATA
IV LABELS AND MARKING
CHAPTER 2
OPERATION
SECTION I SERVICE UPON RECEIPT OF MATERIEL
II CARRYING POSITION
III BACK BLAST DANGER ZONES
IV PREPARATION FOR FIRING
V FIRING POSITIONS
VI READY
VII AIM
VIII FIRE
IX FAILURE OF WEAPON TO FIRE IMMEDIATELY
X PREPARED FOR - BUT NOT FIRED
CHAPTER 3
MAINTENANCE
SECTION I OPERATOR MAINTENANCE
II REPACK
... Read more

Product Description
India continues to consider the nuclear option necessary on account of prestige, domestic technical and political impetus and security concerns. Sidhu examines the 'carrot' approach of incentives, rather than the 'stick' approach of sanctions, as a possible means to change India's attitude to the nuclear option.The focus is two-fold: first, what outcome do those imposing, and those receiving, these incentives expect, especially on dual-technology and security issues? Second, what are the essential elements needed to enhance incentive-based cooperation?

The author focuses on India and the US for two reasons: any incentive strategies must take into account the crucial relationship between the US and India on the nuclear issue; and, given India's dominant position in the region, successful engagement through incentives could cause Pakistan to follow suit.Sidhu asserts that increased strategic cooperation is the ideal incentive, but it is unlikely in the near future.If Indian attitudes remain unchanged, Pakistan is unlikely to alter its proliferation behavior. ... Read more

Product Description
The OCCWC (Office, Chief of Counsel for War Crimes) was officially established on October 24, 1946 and formally deactivated on June 20, 1949. The OCCWC was established in the Office of Military Government for Germany (U.S.) [OMGUS], by General Order 301, Headquarters U.S. Forces in Europe, and was the successor to the Subsequent Proceedings Division of the Office of the U.S. Chief of Counsel for the Prosecution of Axis Criminality. In this report on the Nuremberg war crimes trials, which were conducted under the authority of Control Council Law No. 10, Brigadier General Telford Taylor, Chief of Counsel for War Crimes, also describes the creation, organization, and functioning of the OCCWC. His report covers the period from the beginnings of the OCCWC in October 1945 to its deactivation in 1949.



WAR CRIMES SUSPECTS AND WITNESSES
The problem of how to deal with the enormous number of suspected mar criminals who were at large in Germany and Austria as the oc- cupying Allied forces moved in was one of the most difficult which con- fronted the occupation autl~orities. For many months the United Nations TVa1. C~.iu~es
Corillnission irad been compiiing lists of suspects on the basis of information furnished from the countries occupied by Germany, and by the end of the war these lists were very lengthy. The Allied forces overran and liberated concentration camps and prisoner-of-war camps under conditions and circumstances which re- vealed that the most atrocious and extensive criminality had been involved in their operatioil. Examination of the tons of captured German documents revealed that responsibility for many of these crimes could be traced to the highest levels of the Reich government. Several large branches of the Nazi Party, such as the SS-with mem-bership of hundreds of thousands or even millioizs of individuals- had been dedicated to the pursuit of criminal objectives, under precise written directives circulated very widely through these organizations.
While Nuernberg had a direct and profound interest in the solution of this problem, it was by no means the only agency involved. The occupational administration as a whole was deeply concerned from the angle of security. Those branches of OMGUS whose mission was to supervise the reestablishment of German governmental and political agencies and public or semipublic institutions were endeavoring to insure that former Nazis would not participate in or wield influence over these agencies and institutions. In addition to OCCPAC and OCCWC, the Judge Advocate7s department of the Army was respon- sible for the apprehension and trial of certain categories of war criin- inals. The Intelligence services of the Army, Navy, and Air Force, as well as numerous other research, scientific, and cultural organiza- tions, were intent on building up, piece by piece, the complicated and terrible picture of what had gone on in Germany under the Third Reich, and for this purpose wanted extensive access to thousands of Germans, many of whom were suspected war criminals, for interroga- tion purposes. The otlzer occupying powers, as well as all the countries formerly occupied by Germany, were anxious to locate and apprehend thousands of suspected criminals who were or might be in the American zone of occupation. ... Read more

Product Description
FOREWORD
This Foreword might also be called" Epilogue" because the volume marks the completion, in March, 1949, of an undertaking commenced in the summer of 1946, namely the preparation of a collection of reports of representative trials of war criminals in connection with World War II. It has been pointed out that the main object of these Reports is to help to elucidate the law, i.e. that part of International Law which has been called the law of war. A very general idea of what that means can be found in the judgment of that great judge, the late C. J. Stone, in the Supreme Court oJ the United States, on Yamashita, reported in Volume IV on p. 38. Stone, C. J., said:
"In Ex parte Quirin, 317 U.S. 1, we had occasion to consider at length the sources and nature of the authority to create military commissions for the trial of enemy combatants for offences against the law of war. We there pointed out that Congress, in the exercise of the power conferred upon it by Article I, s. 8, Cl. 10 of the Constitution to 'define and punish ... Offences against the law of Nations . . .', of which the Law of War is a part, had by the Articles of War (10 U.S.C., ss. 1471-1593) recognised the 'military commission' appointed by military command, as it had previously existed in United States Army practice, as an appropriate tribunal for the trial and punishment of offences against the Law of War. Article 15 declares that' the provisions of these articles conferring jurisdiction upon courts martial shall not be construed as depriving military commissions ... or other military tribunals of concurrent jurisdiction in respect of offenders or offences that by statute or by the Law of War may be triable by such military commissions . . . or other military tribunals.' See a similar provision of the Espionage Act of 1917, 50 U.S.c., s. 38. Article 2 includes among those persons subject to the Articles of War the personnel of our own military establishment. But this, as Article 12 indicates, does not exclude from the class of persons subject to trial by military commissions' any other person who by the Law of War is subject to trial by military tribunals,' and who, under Article 12, may be tried by court martial, or under Article 15 by military commission. ... Read more

Product Description
If you did not know history, it would be one unreal and fantastic horror series.






FOREWORD
This third voiume includes reports of ten cases. They are drawn from widely distant parts of the globe; the trial courts are diverse in character. consisting of National Courts and Military Courts acting under different warrants or commissions: The charges were diversified in character. '
Perhaps the most important case from the standpoint of international law is that which stands first in the volume. The prisoner was a German named Klinge. He was indicted before a Norwegian Court for torturing Norwegian civilians, and in one case so as to cause the victim'.s death., The ,trial court sentenced him to death under Articles of the Civil Criminal Code as modified by a Provisional Decree of 1945, which gave new and special powers to the Court in the 'case of war crimes, including the power to impose the death sentence where under the-relevant articles of the Civil Criminal Code imprisonment was the severest penalty. On appeal, the sentence was upheld by the Supreme Court; nine of the thirteen judges affirmed the decision of the trial judges, four dissented. The question was whether the Decree of 1945, whiGh was passed after the crime was committed and which first gave the Court power to sentence to death for the offence, had retrospective effect, notwithstanding Article 97 of the Constitution of Norway, which is in the following terms: "No law may be given retroactive effect" and Article 96 which vetoed any trial except according to Norwegian law, as follows: "No one may be convicted except according to law, or be punished except according to judicial sentence. Examination by torture must not take place." As the actual crime was covered by the specific penal prohibitions of the Norwegian Civil Criminal Code, no question of retroactive operation arose as to the conviction, but it did arise as to the sentence. The Law of 1945 was clearly, it was held, intended to have a retroactive effect in permitting the death sentence. The majority of the Court held that the particular classes of offences against the laws and customs of war depended on rules of international law and lay outside the intended scope of Article 97 of the Constitution. These were directly binding on the prisoner as from the outbreak of war and by international law his crimes could be punished by the death sentence. The majority fully accepted that Sections 96 and 97 were constitutional limitations binding on both the Norwegian legislature and Courts, but were of the opinion that the laws and
customs of war were incorporated into Norwegian Law and punishable by the penalty described by International Law for the offence, namely death. The minority were of opinion that Section 96 was obligatory and meant by " law" law in the sense of formal laws or regulations passed by the Norwegian legislature and that Section 97 excluded the retroactive effect of the law of 1945 which, in their opinion, first legalised the death penalty for the crime. ... Read more

Product Description
The Reports contained in this Volume cover an extensive and diversified area. The main portion of these trials deals with crimes against property, which will also be more fully dealt with in the next volume of this series, and most of what I have to say on these questions I shall therefore reserve for the Foreword to Volume X.
Crimes against property are sometimes almost indistinguishable from crimes against persons, as, for instance, in those cases where villages are destroyed and the inhabitants are turned adrift, perhaps in very inclement conditions of weather, and deprived of their homes. As notorious instances of such cases I may recall the destruction of Lidice and the murder of its inhabitants, and the similar case of Oradour-sur-Glane. The two aspects in these crimes, however, can be distinguished. Systematic pillaging and excessive contributions from a country which is being over-run or which is already occupied, also present this double aspect. These classes of war crimes form an important subject in the well-known Regulations attached to the Hague Convention No. IV of 1907 which are quoted in this volume. They are fully set out, and discussed up to a certain point, by Mr. Brand in this volume, and 'what he says there is supplemented and developed in Volume X, which comprises Reports on the I. G. Farben and Krupp trials held before United States Military Tribunals in Nuremberg.
Volume IX, however, also illustrates further the important question of crimes against persons as illustrated by the offences in regard to the enslavement and deportation of civilians to slave labour, and the employment of prisoners of war in work having a direct connection with military operations. This question received treatment in Volume VII, in the notes to the Milch Trial. The spoliation of occupied territory· which was undoubtedly carried on to a great extent in World War II receives some illustration and discussion in this volume, but for a fuller discussion the reader is referred to Volume X.
A feature of great interest in the present volume is the treatment of what may be called economic exploitation, and reference may in particu\ar be made to the grounds on which Flick was held responsible in respect of the Rombach Plant. His responsibility was based upon his occupation and use of private property without the free consent of the rightful owner, irrespective of the use to which he put the property and the condition in which he left it.
The Flick case also gives an excellent illustration of the scope of crimes against humanity, and the discussion in the Notes attached to the Judgment is of great value. It is particularly significant as indicating the limitations which have been introduced in connection with those crimes. ... Read more

Product Description
This 15-volume series summarizes the course of the more important proceedings taken against individuals accused of war crimes during World War II, excluding the major war criminals tried by the Nuremberg and Tokyo International Military Tribunals. These representative trials of war criminals were selected for this series based on the major points of municipal and international law that were raised and settled during the trials as well as the potential for the greatest legal interest.



...FOREWORD
This is the first Report to be published in this series of the trials in respect of Concentration Camps. These camps were main instruments of terrorism and atrocity utilised by Hitler and his lieutenants, at first before the war within Germany while he was establishing the Nazi domination over his own nation (this was a necessary preliminary to his plan of dominating the world), and later, after his victories in Europe, were used to crush the resistance in the occupied countries and to remove people likely to give trouble, and, most appalling of all, to effect the mass destruction of races or peoples who were odious to the Nazi mind or impeded his purpose of securing lebensraum for the Nazis. The number of concentration camps increased enormously as the war went on so that at the end of the war there were over 300 in Germany and the occupied countries. Of these that at Auschwitz in Poland had an evil pre-eminence-in it at least 2,500,000 human beings (or as some say 4,000,000) were done to death by being poisoned in gas chambers. These unhappy people had been brought in railway trucks under horrible conditions from the occupied countries: they were the survivors of those who started. How many died on the way is unknown. This use of poison gas chambers was the outstanding feature of Auschwitz. Be1sen, which was closely associated, was in Germany and shared with Auschwitz the normal characteristics of a German concentration camp-filth, starvation, absence of sanitation or adequate medical equipment, overwork, ill-usage of every kind, beatings, hangings, shootings and every form of inhumanity. The forty-five accused were alleged to have com,e from one or the other of these two camps. They were all tried in one case, the objections of the defending Counsel, who were all British except one Polish officer, being overruled.

So Much More ... Read more

Product Description



" No defendant is specifically charged in the indictment with the murder or abuse of any particular person. If he were, the indictment would no doubt have named the alleged victim. Simple murder and isolated instances of atrocities do not constitute the gravamen of the charge. Defend~nts are charged with crimes of such immensity that mere specific instances of criminality appear insignificant by comparison. The charge in brief is that of conscious participation in a nation-wide, govern.
mentally organised system of cruelty and injustice in violation of the laws of war and humanity, and perpetrated by the authority of the Ministry of Justice and through the instrumentality of the courts. The dagger of the assassi,n was concealed beneath the robe of the jurist. The record is replete with evidence of specific criminal acts, but they are not the crimes charged in the indictment. They constitute evidence of the intentional participation of the defendants and serve as illustrations of the nature and effect of the greater crimes charged in the indictment".



... Read more