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The present analysis examines the legal framework for marine scientific research with a focus on research platforms. Oceanographers find themselves faced with a complex set of provisions governing their activities not only in waters of foreign jurisdiction. As the riches of the oceans have become known to decision-makers in coastal States, international action has set the course for an ever tighter regulation of the sea uses.

Part XIII is analysed with respect to the remaining freedoms of research. In addition, the book provides an overview of air and space law relevant to research activities, and their relationship with the 1982 LOS Convention. Other international instruments are analysed for their significance in the context of customary law. Examination of possible safeguards for research activities contained in Part XIII and XV (dispute settlement) complements the legal analysis of the 1982 LOS Convention. Mutual trust and co-operation within regional organizations are, in conclusion, the most promising avenues for a more favourable research climate.

The book addresses a legal and scientific audience, which, at a practical or academic level, deals with the law of the sea at large and the regime of marine scientific research in particular.

Readership: University libraries with Public International Law, Law of the Sea Sections, international organizations related to Public International Law and Law of the Sea, Law of the Sea related administrations. ... Read more

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This book offers a comprehensive international law analysis of the European Union's maritime safety legislation. This is a relatively novel field of activity of the EU, but its development has been very rapid. Since 1993, over 40 acts of EU law have been adopted, dealing with a variety of subjects, such as port State control, classification societies, vessel traffic management, ship construction, environmental protection and pollution sanctions. This legislation is analysed from the point of international law, notably the law of the sea and the international maritime conventions. Regional legislation in a field that is traditionally regulated primarily by means of international conventions is bound to create tensions with the related international conventions and with well-established principles of international law.This study assesses how the EU has acted as a flag State, port State and coastal State and measures the trends in this development against the international legal framework. More detailed legal analyses are offered for specific aspects of EU legislation that are considered to be particularly interesting from an international law point of view.The relationship between EU law and international law within the internal EU legal system is also analysed from the specific perspective of maritime safety law. ... Read more

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Scott, James Brown. The Spanish Origin of International Law. Francisco De Vitoria and His Law of Nations. London: Humphrey Milford, 1934. 19a, 288, clviii pp. Frontispiece and portrait. Reprinted 2000 by The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd. LCCN 00-036835. ISBN 1-58477-110-0. Cloth. $90.Francisco de Vitoria [c. 1483-1546] is widely considered to be a founder of international law. Scott holds that Vitoria's 16th century school of international law and his important Reflectiones, De Indis Noviter Inventis and De Jure Belli (the text of these are included in the appendix) are in fact the origin of the law of nations, which was to become the international law of Christendom and the world at large. In Vitoria's writings described herein he held that pagans had the right to freedom and property, declared slavery to be unsound, upheld the rights of Indians, questioned the Spanish conquest of the New World in the time immediately following Columbus' discovery of America which gave rise to his thesis that the community of nations transcends Christendom. Walker, Oxford Companion to Law 1279-1280. ... Read more

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The outcome of the political transition in Eastern Europe depends not only on the politics pursued but on the understanding of politics in the countries involved. A key aspect of such understanding is the notion of "citizenship", an ancient term of striking contemporary relevance not only in Eastern Europe but in the West as well. What are the dynamics of citizenship in Europe's new democracies and how do emerging solutions to the questions of citizenship there respond to the concerns that the issue of citizenship has raised and continues to raise elsewhere? This volume focuses on Poland, Hungary and the former Czechoslovakia, countries that have already grappled with issues of post-communism citizenship, but the questions addressed in the work apply equally to other countries such as the former Soviet Union and the former Yugoslavia. They are questions of personal "identity" and "obligation"; what are the legal and moral claims that an individual and a state can make upon each other on citizenship grounds? They are also questions of social "attitude" - how do individuals see themselves "qua" citizens? What characteristics do they impute to their fellow citizens?What ties are established among individuals by virtue of a common citizenship? Many facets of these questions are considered; on theoretical grounds, in terms of political culture and public opinion, and in the light of emerging legal provisions. As this book shows, the future of citizenship is inseparable from the future of politics, for citizens of all countries. ... Read more

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International organizations, like states, are subject to the ebb and flow of historial circumstances. They may thrive when conditions are favourable and perish when they are not. Dozens of international organizations have foundered and disappeared from the international scene since the Second World War. Some because they could not be adapted to new situations, others because of the need to rationalize international cooperation and make better use of scarce resources. In most cases, the functions and assets of the defunct international organizations were taken over by other bodies and did not devolve on the member states. Such events brought forth issues of succession between international organizations. Relatively little attention has been devoted to such problems. This is partly owing to the difficulty of gaining access to documentation and partly due to the fact that this is a rather recent phenomenon. This study approaches the subject from both a theoretical and a practical perspective.The author first establishes a conceptual framework by examining the notion of succession as it has evolved in municipal law and in the law of state succession before explaining how it applies to succession between international organizations. He then proceeds to demonstrate, through a multitude of examples taken from international practice and court decisions, the forms succession between international organizations can take, the legal basis of such succession and, finally, the effects of succession on functions, treaties, property, funds, liabilities and employees. ... Read more

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The Socialist Republic of Vietnam and the Law of the Seaanalyzes Vietnam's policies on the law of the sea in relation to thecountry's overall foreign policy goals and its position at the centerof the South China Sea geostrategic region. It examines Vietnam'sclaims in zones of maritime jurisdiction and its regulation ofmaritime activities in the context of the 1982 U.N. Convention on theLaw of the Sea and against the backdrop of Vietnam's securityinterests, economic development, and regional leadership goals. Theauthor explores Vietnam's maritime boundary disputes with itsSoutheast Asian neighbors and China and assesses their impact onregional stability. This is the first comprehensive study to trace the evolution ofVietnamese policy and participation in law of the sea development fromthe 1958 First U.N. Conference on the Law of the Sea to the present.The book provides the background essential to an understanding ofVietnam's current maritime relations and of the challenge toincorporate Vietnam into a stable regional order. Law of the seaspecialists, Southeast Asia area specialists, and those interested inthe development of Vietnam's hydrocarbon and fishery resources willfind this a particularly valuable resource. ... Read more

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"Small Powers at Sea" presents an analysis of the marine policies of Denmark, Norway and Sweden from the First UN Conference on the Law of the Sea in 1958 until the conclusion of the Third UN Conference on the Law of the Sea in 1982. The main substantive chapters cover security aspects, continental shelf policies, fisheries, shipping and marine environment as well as deep seabed mining. The study is comparative and conducted from a political science perspective, discussing how to explain the rather divergent Scandinavian marine policies. A state-centric rational actor model can explain much of the variance, but other factors, including cognitive ones and the role of domestic politics, must be included to obtain a fuller understanding of Scandinavian policies over time and across issue areas. ... Read more

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Until recently, the international community failed to adopteither an agreed limit for the breadth of the territorial sea or asatisfactory regime of fisheries in the waters adjacent to theterritorial sea. This provoked an eruption of unilateral acts by whichcoastal states extended their jurisdiction towards the high seas. TheThird U.N. Conference on the Law of the Sea accepted the establishmentof a 12-mile territorial sea and a 200-mile exclusive economic zone.While taking into account the non-existent rights and interests of theso-called geographically disadvantaged states and of states with broadcontinental shelves, the 1982 Convention on the Law of the Seapractically ignored existing rights and interests of habitual fishingstates. It maintained the well-established principle of freedom offishing on the high seas but with specific conditions. Dissatisfied with the Convention's regulation of fishing on the highseas, a few states elected to hold a U.N. Conference on Straddling andHighly Migratory Fish Stocks which adopted the 1995 Agreement for theimplementation of the provisions of the Convention relating to theconservation and management of such stocks. Similarly, some of thesestates, like Chile, Argentina, and Canada, adopted legislationextending their jurisdiction beyond their respective 200-mile fishingor exclusive economic zones. This book explores these events in the historical development of theinternational regulations of fisheries and concludes with a look intorecent developments in the area. ... Read more

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This books offers a comprehensive and innovative picture of the Communitys implementation of its international obligations in the field of the marine environment, looking at the participation of the EC and its member states in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea and other relevant agreements. ... Read more

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This volume focuses on both the general aspects of two of the most typical institutions introduced by the new Law of the Sea and the specific aspects related to the geographic and economic circumstances of Italy and Canada. It is divided into two parts. The first part deals with the delimitation of maritime boundaries, especially with respect to the continental shelf and the exclusive economic zone. The problem is approached from both a theoretical and a practical point of view, in particular, in analyzing not only the more well-known controversies in delimitation solved by international agreements or by international courts, but also still unsettled disputes in which Italy and Canada are involved. The second part deals with the legal regime of the continental shelf and the exclusive zone and the activities - in particular exploration and exploitation - carried out in them. The same approach as in Part One is used in juxtaposing Italian and Canadian views on relative regulation. The volume brings together the diverse legal experience of the two countries - Italy and Canada resulting from the different geographic, political and economic conditions found in each.It is enough to think that Italy is surrounded on three sides by a closed or semiclosed sea, the Mediterranean, while Canada borders on the Atlantic, Pacific and Arctic Oceans. The volume was financed by the Italian National Research Council (CNR). ... Read more

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Basic business legislation, laws, export-import regulations affecting business, business climate and contacts ... Read more

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Basic business legislation, laws, export-import regulations affecting business, business climate and contacts ... Read more

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Lebanon Business Law Handbook (World Business Law Handbook Library) ... Read more

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Basic business legislation, laws, export-import regulations affecting business, business climate and contacts ... Read more