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Purchase includes free access to book updates online and a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Chapters: Almaty International Airport, Astana International Airport, Atyrau Airport, List of Airports in Kazakhstan, Sary-Arka Airport, Oral Ak Zhol Airport, Oskemen Airport, Shymkent International Airport, Kokshetau Airport, Aktau Airport, Semey Airport, Balkhash Airport, Kostanay Airport, Aktobe Airport, Pavlodar Airport, Boraldai Airport, Petropavl Airport, Taraz Airport, Arkalyk Airport, Ekibastuz Airport, Zhezkazgan Airport, Atbasar Airport, Ush Tobe, Kyzylorda Airport. Excerpt:Aktau Airport Aktau Airport is an airport in Aktau , Kazakhstan (IATA : SCO , ICAO : UATE ). Airlines and destinations Airlines: Destinations Cargo Airlines: Destinations Gallery The plane stair in Aktau Airport - with its logo Domestic Departure Hall A hyperlinked version of this chapter is at Aktobe Aktobe Airport (also known as Aktyubinsk Airport ) (IATA : AKX , ICAO : UATT ) is an airport in Kazakhstan located 4 km south of Aktobe . It has a small terminal with five airliner parking spots. It has serviced the Ilyushin Il-86 . Airlines and destinations Airlines: Destinations References (URLs online) Websites (URLs online) A hyperlinked version of this chapter is at Almaty International Airport item IATA : ALA ICAO : UAAA item Summary item Airport type: Civil item[$ c... ... Read more

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Covering Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, and, Tajikistan, these 12 essays (drawn from a 1998 conference sponsoredby the Center for Civil Society International) explore the prospects of and dangers facing the growth of Western-style democracy in Central Asia. Reflecting a range of disciplines ... Read more

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review of Civil Society in Central Asia
This book as been reviewed in the current volume of the British Columbia Asian Review (BCAR)... ... Read more

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Covering Russia and the independent nations of the former Soviet Union, this title presents geofacts and maps about this region. ... Read more

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The Caspian Steppes have been attracting attention in the focus of many scholars for more than a hundred years, because the steppes that lie between the Lower Volga and the Lower Don regions, and border with the North Caucasus is an area where many cultural traditions formed and developed. Multiethnic and multicultural groups are behind such traditions. The objective of this book is to systematize the dating of Caspian Steppes' sites to different cultures, based on new archaeological sources that have appeared recently as a result of new excavations. The detailed analysis of key features of the burial rite and general categories of the material culture, i.e. grave offerings, provides a possibility to present in Chapter 1 characteristics of archaeological cultures and cultural groups of the Caspian Steppes in the Eneolithic-Middle Bronze Age. Application of the complex method of establishing culture sequence in Chapter 2 is aimed at revealing changes of cultural traditions in the region and establishing their absolute chronology. The database obtained gives grounds to evaluate the ethno-cultural historical process in the region under discussion through models of the economic cycle and production developed by ancient population is presented in Chapter 3. Amongst others, this book is based on the Bronze Age collections from the Eurasian Steppe and the Caucasus of the Archaeology Department of the State Historical Museum in Moscow, and data obtained from the excavation of the Steppe Archaeological Expedition of the State Historical Museum. ... Read more

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High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! LeKazakhstan, région de vastes steppes, fut depuis lestemps les plus anciens, parcouru par des populationsnomades. Au début de l'époque moderne, il est peuplé denomades turcophones - les Kazakhs -, chasseurs etéleveurs, dont les traditions sociales sont basées surune structure clanique qui perdure jusqu'à nos jours.Ces territoires, âprement disputés entre la Russie etla Chine, finissent par des jeux d'alliances et despressions militaires par passer sous tutelle puis sousdomination directe de la Russie. ... Read more

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Purchase includes free access to book updates online and a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Excerpt: South Kazakhstan Province - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The South Kazakhstan Province is the most densely populated of Kazakhstan's many regions. This derives from the oblast's gentler climate, better irrigation infrastructure, and proximity to historical population centers . SKO is also the fastest growing of Kazakhstan's Province, due to two main factors. One is the birthrate among traditional Kazakh and Uzbek families, where families of five to eight children are commonplace. The other is the exodus of cheap migrant labor from northern Uzbekistan. These migrant workers sometimes become full-fledged immigrants, and if they are ethnic Kazakhs this process is easily green-lighted through local governments for an (unacknowledged and under-the-table) fee. As such, South Kazakhstan Province is the only province with a demographic breakdown where ethnic Russians are not in the first or second most populous categories. Census results are old and made using Soviet methods that served propaganda over accuracy, but they still point to Kazakhs being the most populous, closely followed by Uzbeks, with Russians bringing in a distant third. Historically speaking, South Kazakhstan Province is home to Kazakhstan's oldest and greatest marvels. Two thousand years ago it was part of the northern border of the Persian Empire. It owes its long history of habitation to a mixing of Persian culture and science with the native Turkic/Mongol tribal clans. South Kazakhstan Province was part of the Satrap of Sogdiana. Some places of historical interest include the cities of Turkestan, Otrar and Sayram. Sayram was the birthplace of Ahmed Yasavi, (110366) a great Sufic scholar and author that lived and worked throughout Central Asia. He is entombed in a mausoleum ... More: http://booksllc.net/?id=3633802 ... Read more

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Chapters: Kazakhstani Tenge. Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 74. Not illustrated. Free updates online. Purchase includes a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Excerpt: The tenge (Kazakh: ) is the currency of Kazakhstan. It is divided into 100 tïn (, also transliterated as tiyin or tijn). It was introduced on 15th of November 1993 to replace the Soviet ruble at a rate of 1 tenge = 500 rubles. The ISO-4217 code is KZT. The word tenge in the Kazakh and most other Turkic languages means a set of scales. The origin of the word is the Turkic te- which means being equal, balance. The name of this currency is thus similar to the lira, pound and peso. The name of the currency is related to the Russian word for money Russian: , which was borrowed from Turkic. Kazakhstan was one of the last countries of the CIS to introduce a national currency. In 1991 a "special group" of designers was created: Mendybay Alin, Timur Suleymenov, Asimsaly Duzelkhanov and Khayrulla Gabzhalilov. On November 12, 1993, a decree of the President of Kazakhstan, "About introducing national currency of Republic of Kazakhstan", was issued. On November 15, 1993, the tenge was brought into circulation. As such, November 15 is celebrated as the "Day of National Currency of Republic of Kazakhstan". In 1995, a tenge printing factory was opened in Kazakhstan. The first consignment of tenge was printed abroad, in the U.K.. The first coins were minted in Germany. New symbol for tengeMarch 20, 2007 two days before the Nauryz holiday, the National Bank of Kazakhstan approved a graphical symbol for the Tenge: . The character was proposed for encoding in Unicode in March 2008 It was released at the codepoint U+20B8 as of Unicode 5.2. 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 tenge coinsIn 1993, coins were introduced in denominations of 2, 5, 10, 20 and 50 tiyn, 1, 3, 5, 10 and 20 tenge. 50 tenge were introduced i...More: http://booksllc.net/?id=246128 ... Read more

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Purchase includes free access to book updates online and a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Excerpt: Aksu, Kazakhstan - Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaCoordinates: ), formerly known as Yermak (Russian: , until 1993), is a city in Kazakhstan, in Pavlodar Province, located 50 km to the south of Pavlodar on the left bank of the Irtysh River. The municipality borders Aktogay District in the north, Bayanaul District, May District, Lebyazhin District in the south, Pavlodar District in the west, and city of Ekibastuz in the east. Population reaches almost 70.000. History of Yermak is related to discovery of coal deposits in the vicinity of Ekibastuz. In 1897, construction of a 110 km railroad from Ekibastuz commanced. The Voskresensk railroad crossed the area of the future town. A wharf was erected where the railroad reached the Irtysh River, and two settlements appeared: an administrative settlement and a workers settlement. The newcomers had to build their houses using local materials: clay, reed and thatch. In this way, at the turn of the 20th century a small village made of wattle-and-daub houses arose close to Kazakh Aul No. 5 in the Kyzyl-Shyrpy Stow. The village was known under the name of Glinka (from Russian ' - clay). The population of Glinka gradually increased, most intensively after the riots of 1906, when out-migrants poured into the Kazakh and Siberian steppe. In 1911, the population of the workers settlement reached 1000. In 1913, by an order of the Governor of the Steppe Krai, Glinka was renamed as Yermak in memory of Yermak Timofeyevich. Both the Voskresensk Wharf and the Glinka village were called the Yermak settlement. 1917 brought new administration to Yermak. The first kommissar of the Ekibastuz Soviet, Stepan Tsaryov was murdered by rioters in Yermak, in the railway station square. The Soviet power was firmly established i... More: http://booksllc.net/?id=11728211 ... Read more

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Chapters: Katonkaragay District, Ayagoz District, Abay District, East Kazakhstan, Kokpekti District, Borodulikha District, Beskaragay District, Shemonaikha District, Tarbagatay District, Glubokoe District, Zyryan District, Kurshim District, Zharma District, Urzhar District, Ulan District, Zaysan District, Oskemen Airport, Bukhtarma River. Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 46. Not illustrated. Free updates online. Purchase includes a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Excerpt: East Kazakhstan Province (Kazakh: , Şığıs Qazaqstan oblısı, شىعىس قازاقستان وبلىسى) is a province of Kazakhstan. It occupies the easternmost part of Kazakhstan, along both sides of the Irtysh River and Lake Zaysan. Its capital is Oskemen (also referred to as Ust-Kamenogorsk). The province borders Russia in the north and northeast and the People's Republic of China (Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region) in the south and southeast. The easternmost point of the Oblast is also very near, within 50 kilometers or so of the westernmost tip of Mongolia; however, Kazakhstan and Mongolia do not share a common border, the two countries being separated by a small part of Russia and China.It also borders the Kazakh Provinces of Pavlodar Province(to the north west), Karagandy Province(to the west), ... Read more

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Chapters: Liverpool F.c. Reserves and Academy. Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 72. Not illustrated. Free updates online. Purchase includes a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Excerpt: Kazakhstan -Artistic depiction of Ancient TarazKazakhstan has been inhabited since the Stone Age: the region's climate and terrain are best suited for nomads practicing pastoralism. Historians believe that humans first domesticated the horse in the region's vast steppes. While ancient cities Taraz (Aulie-Ata) and Hazrat-e Turkestan had long served as important way-stations along the Silk Road connecting East and West, real political consolidation only began with the Mongol invasion of the early 13th century. Under the Mongol Empire, administrative districts were established, and these eventually came under the emergent Kazakh Khanate. (kazakstan) Throughout this period traditionally nomadic life and a livestock-based economy continued to dominate the steppe. In the 15th century, a distinct Kazakh identity began to emerge among the Turkic tribes, a process which was consolidated by the mid-16th century with the appearance of a distinctive Kazakh language, culture, and economy. Nevertheless, the region was the focus of ever-increasing disputes between the native Kazakh emirs and the neighbouring Persian-speaking peoples to the south. By the early 17th century, the Kazakh Khanate was struggling with the impact of tribal rivalries, which had effectively divided the population into the Great, Middle and Little (or Small) Hordes (jüz). Political disunion, tribal rivalries, and the diminishing importance of overland trade routes between East and West weakened the Kazakh Khanate. During the 17th century Kazakhs fought Oirats, a federation of western Mongol tribes, among which the Dzungars were particularly aggressive. The beginning of the 18th century marked the zenith of t...More: http://booksllc.net/?id=16642 ... Read more

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This digital document is an article from Junior Worldmark Encyclopedia of the Nations, brought to you by Gale®, a part of Cengage Learning, a world leader in e-research and educational publishing for libraries, schools and businesses.The length of the article is 3911 words.The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase.You can view it with any web browser.Comprehensive and written clearly, the Junior Worldmark Encyclopedia of the Nations features consistent coverage of all countries while allowingfor easy comparison on the different nations of the world. ... Read more

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Chapters: Vozrozhdeniya Island, Barsa-Kelmes, Tyuleniy Archipelago, Bolshiye Peshnyye Islands, Spirkin Oseredok Island, Zhanbay Island, Durneva Island, Korzhin Island. Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 26. Not illustrated. Free updates online. Purchase includes a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Excerpt: Vozrozhdeniya Island, also known as Rebirth Island (Russian: ), is a former island of the Aral Sea. Due to the ongoing shrinkage of the Aral, it became a peninsula in 2002.. Since the disappearance of the Southeast Aral in 2008, Vozrozhdeniya effectively no longer exists as a distinct geographical feature. The area is now shared by Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan. Located in the central Aral Sea, Vozrozhdeniya Island was one of the main laboratories and testing sites for the Soviet Unions Microbiological Warfare Group. In 1948, a top-secret Soviet bioweapons laboratory was established here, which tested a variety of agents, including anthrax, plague, brucellosis, and tularemia. In the 1990s, word of the island's danger was spread by Soviet defectors, including Ken Alibek, the former head of the Soviet Union's bioweapons program. It was here, according to just released documents, that anthrax spores and bubonic plague bacilli were made into weapons and stored. The main town on the island was Kantubek, which lies in ruins today, but once had approximately 1,500 inhabitants. The laboratory staff members abandoned the small island in 1992. Many of the containers holding the spores were not properly stored or destroyed, and over the last decade many of these containers have developed leaks. As the water level of the Aral Sea continues to recede, the area will eventually connect further with the surrounding land. In 2002, through a project organized by the United States and with Uzbekistan assistance, 10 anthrax burial sites were decontaminated. According to ...More: http://booksllc.net/?id=2633153 ... Read more

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This digital document is an article from Worldmark Encyclopedia of the Nations, brought to you by Gale®, a part of Cengage Learning, a world leader in e-research and educational publishing for libraries, schools and businesses.The length of the article is 13976 words.The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase.You can view it with any web browser.Presents easy-to-understand information on 200 countries and dependencies from around the world. Entries discuss a variety of topics in detail, from banking and securities to climate, from government data to demographic statistics. Also includes biographical essays on national leaders. ... Read more

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Examines the transition Central Asia underwent in the twentieth century following the collapse of the Soviet Union, the Soviet colonial legacy and the attempts of new states to build secular states within the radical Islamic world. ... Read more

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Praise for The Failure of Political Islam:

"A daring exploration. This book is a corrective of stunning power."
--Boston Book Review

"This book is essential reading for all interested in the late 20th century evolution of movements of religious activism and revival."
--Middle East Journal

During the anti-Gorbachev coup in August 1991 most communist leaders from Soviet central Asia backed the plotters. Within weeks of the coup's collapse, those same leaders--now transformed into ardent nationalists--proclaimed the independence of their nations, adopted new flags and new slogans, and discovered a new patriotism.

How were these new nations built, among peoples without any traditional nationalist heritage and no history of independent governance? Olivier Roy argues that Soviet practice had always been to build on local institutions and promote local elites, and that Soviet administration--as opposed to Soviet rhetoric--was always surprisingly decentralized in the far-flung corners of the empire. Thus, with home-grown political leaders and administrative institutions, national identities in central Asia emerged almost by stealth.

Roy's analysis of the new states in central Asia--Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tadjikstan, Kirghizstan and Azerbaijan--provides a glimpse of the future of an increasingly fragmented and dangerous region. ... Read more

Customer Reviews (5)

Sometimes tough going, but provides useful insights
This work explains the origins of the independent republics of Central Asia (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, and Turkmenistan).It was mostly written in 1997, with only a brief introduction updating events to 2007.

The translated text can sometimes be extremely hard going, but I found it valuable reading.

Prof. Roy explains that before the arrival of the Tsars, Central Asia was an amorphous mix of many different ethnic groups and identities, loosely unified by Sunni Islam, with strong overlays of Persian and Turkic culture, organized into many competing local khanates and smaller groups.Individuals tended to associate themselves with local clans rather than larger "national" groups and could often have overlapping group identities, speaking either Persian (Tajik) or a Turkic dialect as circumstances required.

Both the Tsars and later the Soviets observed that there was enough commonality amongst the various groups that the whole region could easily unify into a single pan-Islamic or pan-Turkic identity, creating a significant regional power.Therefore first the Tsars and later Stalin consciously adopted a divide and rule strategy.The Soviets, applying considerable creativity, carved out specific languages and national identities from the continuum of dialects and shared histories and forced every individual to accept one specific role.Stalin carefully created new Soviet Socialist Republics with gerrymandered boundaries, such that both intertwined geography and misplaced peoples led to permanent tensions and squabbles between the republics, which then looked to Moscow as the mediator of their quarrels, rather than as their common enemy.

Under the Soviet system, Moscow's main goal was to have the new republics quietly look after their own internal affairs, but to always look to Moscow to resolve any larger regional or national issues.In a fateful decision, Moscow avoided using citizens of each republic beyond its borders.Thus an ambitious Kazakh apparatchik could not aim to build a career in the wider USSR, but was restricted to a local Kazakhstan career.This created clannish local elites, tightly bound to their own republics, looking to Moscow for leadership but with no wider regional ties.So when Moscow's leadership crumbled, the republics were (rather to their surprise) already ripe for independence.And their existing Soviet elites naturally led that independence, set within the boundaries Stalin had created.

The main weakness of the book is that it was written in academic French and has suffered further in a poor translation into jargon laden English.Thus it can sometimes be difficult going and occasionally sentences don't quite come across in English.

My advice would be that if you are seriously interested in Central Asia, then it is well worth the effort of persevering through the text.It provides extremely valuable historical background on the region.However, it is definitely not something for light reading

Packed with info.Hard to read.
This book is packed with useful insights but it is not for the Central Asian novice.I give it two stars because it is hard to read and could be better organized. The information in it is five star.It is a graduate-school level analysis of the evolution of the current Central Asian nation-states.It is what would be expected from a person in Roy's position; researcher at the Centre National des Recherches Scientifques.The book was originally written in French and translated into English for this edition.That in itself is not a problem but the writing style is one that has a heavy "fog factor".There are numerous sentences that are 60 words long and contain multiple commas, parenthetical statements, hyphens and semi colons in one sentence.If you can slog through syntax you can glean a lot of useful information.My suggestion is you have some understanding of Central Asian history and geography before you attempt this book. The lack of maps would make it really difficult for a beginning reader of Central Asia.Central Asia in Historical Perspective (edited by Manz), although a graduate-level text, is better organized and easier to understand.

Caution to the reader
I purchased this book after I developed an increasing interest in the politics and history of Central Asia.At that point, I had read a couple of books on the topic, leaving me with a feeling of general competence.This book, however, was seriously beyond my level of knowledge, and I'd like to caution readers with anything below a superior understanding of Soviet and Central Asian History.The author "jumps" around the region quite a bit, creating problems which compound themselves, particularly as no maps are included anywhere in the book.If you do not possess an intimate knowledge of the geography, I suggest waiting until your mental map is more complete (as I'll be doing).
The book is translated from French.After reading about 20 pages, this fact amazed me from the vocabularly chosen by the translator.I can't remember the last time I had to use a dictionary, but this book sent me searching on more than one occasion.Moreover, the writing style is incredibly dry, even for a work of history."New Central Asia" is loaded with solid research and cogent argumentation, but the presentation leaves much to be desired.

Making Sense of Central Asia
Olivier Roy is a well-known expert on Islam, the Arab world and Central Asia.His The New Central Asia is an excellent examination of the creation of new nations that emerged from the end of the Soviet Union in 1992.He contends that while these new republics are in search of identity (in essence creating new nationalisms), they have also inherited the older Soviet system of rule and institutions, which were not democratic and more oriented to personality cults and heavy-handed treatment of the opposition. This explains the difficult path countries such as Uzbekistan and Tajikistan have had through the 1990s and into the next decade. For anyone looking at the problems of development as well as wishing to obtain a better understanding of a pivotal geo-political zone, Roy's well-researched book is worth the read.

Making Sense of Central Asia
Olivier Roy is a well-known expert on Islam, the Arab world and Central Asia.His The New Central Asia is an excellent examination of the creation of new nations that emerged from the end of the Soviet Union in 1992.He contends that while these new republics are in search of identity (in essence creating new nationalisms), they have also inherited the older Soviet system of rule and institutions, which were not democratic and more oriented to personality cults and heavy-handed treatment of the opposition. This explains the difficult path countries such as Uzbekistan and Tajikistan have had through the 1990s and into the next decade. For anyone looking at the problems of development as well as wishing to obtain a better understanding of a pivotal geo-political zone, Roy's well-researched book is worth the read. ... Read more