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In its original form, these studies were grouped together under the somewhat provocative title: Oppositional Religion in Finland. The project brought together Finnish researchers with foreign colleagues from the United States, Great Britain, Belgium, Estonia, the Scandinavian countries and Russia. As this research evolved, however, the contributions of academic experts, representatives of the Finnish Evangelical Lutheran Church, and members of the New Religious Movements currently active in Finland, made it clear that a change of the original, rather contentious title to the more accurate Beyond the Mainstream: the Emergence of Religious Pluralism in Finland, Estonia and Russia was appropriate. This anthology thus represents the most thorough and wide ranging account of the Finnish religious milieu which flourishes beyond the Evangelical Lutheran mainstream as it exists today, and it includes as well a section on the contemporary Russian religious milieu. This book should be seen, however, as only a beginning in what will surely be in the years to come a vital area of study in the academic life of Finland. ... Read more

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This study focuses on the conflicting aims and deeds of the Russian government and Polish nationally-minded student youth in the situation which emerged after the closure of the universities of Warsaw and Wilno (Vilnius) in 1832. Thousands of Poles studied in Russian universities, constituting a considerable proportion of the whole student body. The Poles formed conspiracies, student unions and study circles. Their relations with Russian fellow students entailed both enmity and co-operation. Apart from analyzing the question what it meant for students to be a Pole, the book reveals secret disagreements between government politicians concerning the Polish question at the universities. ... Read more

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This is the first book on social capital and trust informed by a critical geographical perspective. The authors examine the role of social capital in the constitution and reproduction of urban networks of trust in different places and contexts. They explore how social capital and trust are reflected in the capacity of these networks to achieve their goals and to deliver specific forms of urban development in a number of Finnish and Italian cities.Finland and Italy present, in many ways, two almost paradigmatic cases of how social capital and trust can work in extremely different and yet very effective ways in the production of the urban. They are two almost ideal laboratories for experimenting new definitions and new understandings of the concepts in question. For this reason each chapter emphasizes theoretical work on the key concepts of trust, urban networks and social capital, and explicitly tie these into the institutional structures of different local 'societies'. Each author contends with the importance of place and stresses how the functioning of urban networks necessarily reflects the particular historical, cultural and political contexts of the locality in question. ... Read more

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This is a comparative study of Muslims in Finland and the Republic of Ireland, from the perspective of religious freedom and multiculturalism. The book consists of three parts: the first part discusses religious freedom and multiculturalism from a conceptual point of view and mainly within the context of Western Europe, culminating in the cases of Finland and Ireland; the second part deals with the establishment of Muslim communities in Europe in general, and in Finland and Ireland in particular; and the third part concerns Islam and education in these respective countries. ... Read more

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The Åland Islands (Swedish pronunciation: [?o?land]; Finnish: Ahvenanmaa) form an archipelago in the Baltic Sea. It is situated at the entrance to the Gulf of Bothnia and forms an autonomous, demilitarized, monolingually Swedish-speaking administrative province, region and historical province of Finland. It is the smallest province of Finland, comprising 0.5% of Finland's population and 0.49% of land area. The islands consist of the main island Fasta Åland (literally "Firm Åland"), where 90% of the population resides, and an archipelago to the east that consists of over 6,500 skerries and islands. Fasta Åland is separated from the coast of Sweden by 40 kilometres (25 mi) of open water to the west. In the east, the Åland archipelago is virtually contiguous with the Finnish Archipelago Sea. Åland's only land border is located on the uninhabited skerry of Märket, which it shares with Sweden. Due to Åland's autonomous status, the powers exercised at the provincial level by representatives of the central state administration in the rest of Finland are largely exercised by the Government of Åland in Åland. ... Read more

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High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Vaala is a municipality in Finland. It is located in the Kainuu region. Established in 1954 (predecessor municipality Säräisniemi, established in 1867), the municipality has a population of 3,402 (31 December 2009) and covers an area of 1,763.92 square kilometres (681.05 sq mi) of which 461.42 km2 (178.16 sq mi) is water. The population density is 2.61 inhabitants per square kilometre (6.8 /sq mi). Oulujärvi, the fourth largest lake of Finland is located partly in Vaala. The municipality is unilingually Finnish. ... Read more

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The Karelian Isthmus is the approximately 45?110 km wide stretch of land that connects Russia to Finland, situated between the Gulf of Finland and Lake Ladoga in northwestern Russia, to the north of the River Neva (between 61°21?N, 59°46?N and 27°42?E, 31°08?E). Its natural northwestern boundary is either the Salpausselkä ridge in Finland or the relatively narrow area between the Bay of Vyborg and Lake Ladoga. If the Karelian Isthmus is defined as the entire territory of present-day Saint Petersburg and Leningrad Oblast to the north of the Neva, the isthmus' area covers about 15,000 km2. The smaller part of the isthmus to the southeast of the old Russia-Finland border is considered historically as Northern Ingria, rather than part of the Karelian Isthmus itself. The rest of the isthmus was historically a part of Finnish Karelia. This was conquered by the Russian Empire during the Great Northern War in 1712 and included within the autonomous Grand Duchy of Finland (1809?1917) of the Russian Empire. ... Read more

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High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Vaasa (Swedish: Vasa) is a city on the west coast of Finland. It received its charter in 1606, during the reign of Charles IX of Sweden and is named after the Royal House of Vasa. Today, Vaasa has a population of 59,185 (31 December 2009), (about 90000 in the Vaasa sub-region) and is the regional capital of Ostrobothnia. The city is bilingual with 69.8% of the population speaking Finnish as their first language and 24.8% speaking Swedish. The city is an important centre for Finland-Swedish culture. ... Read more

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Finland. History of Finland, Finland's language strife, Finland's Declaration of Independence, Finnish Civil War, Military history of Finland during World War II, Geography of Finland, Fauna of Finland, Demographics of Finland, Finnish language, Finland Swedish, Swedish-speaking Finns, Languages of Finland, Finnish alphabet, Finnish grammar, Finnish phonology, Religion in Finland, Finnish paganism, Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland, Finnish Orthodox Church, Administrative divisions of Finland, Provinces of Finland, Regions of Finland, Sub-regions of Finland, List of municipalities of Finland, Politics of Finland, Foreign relations of Finland, Judicial system of Finland, Finnish Defence Forces, Military history of Finland, Economy of Finland, Education in Finland, Transport in Finland, Finnish euro coins, Tourism in Finland, Culture of Finland, Finnish literature, Sami music, Music of Finland, Finnish rock, Cinema of Finland, Finnish cuisine, Public holidays in Finland, Outline of Finland ... Read more

Customer Reviews (1)

Poorly edited and highly priced
Search on "Finland. History of Finland, Finland's language strife, Finland's Declaration of Independence, Finnish Civil War, Military history of Finland during World War II, Geography of Finland, Fauna of Finland, Demographics of Finland, Finnish language, Finland Swedish, Swedish-speaking Finns, Languages of Finland, Finnish alphabet, Finnish grammar, Finnish phonology, Religion in Finland, Finnish paganism, Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland, Finnish Orthodox Church, Administrative divisions of Finland, Provinces of Finland, Regions of Finland, Sub-regions of Finland, List of municipalities of Finland, Politics of Finland, Foreign relations of Finland, Judicial system of Finland, Finnish Defence Forces, Military history of Finland, Economy of Finland, Education in Finland, Transport in Finland, Finnish euro coins, Tourism in Finland, Culture of Finland, Finnish literature, Sami music, Music of Finland, Finnish rock, Cinema of Finland, Finnish cuisine, Public holidays in Finland, Outline of Finland" and you'll find the content is all taken from Wikipedia. High priced for a wikipedia printout that's not edited at all. ... Read more

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High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! The Province of Southern Finland was a province of Finland from 1997 to 2010. It bordered the provinces of Western Finland and Eastern Finland. It also bordered the Gulf of Finland and Russia. On September 1, 1997 the Province of Uusimaa, the Province of Kymi and the southern parts of the Province of Häme were joined to form the new Province of Southern Finland. ... Read more

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A boxed set of 6 wonderful books, great for learning goegraphy and history. The stamps included will help that tactile learner. Fantastic photography! ... Read more

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Finlandization is the influence that one powerful countrymay have on the policies of a smaller neighboring country.Itis generally considered to be pejorative, originating inWest German political debate of the late 1960s and 1970s. Asthe term was used in Germany and other NATO countries, itmeant the process of turning into a country which, althoughmaintaining national sovereignty, in foreign politicsresolves not to challenge a more powerful neighbour.Commonly in reference to Finland's policies vis-à-vis theSoviet Union during the Cold War, but could refer to similarinternational relations, such as Denmark's attitude towardGermany between 1871 and 1940. ... Read more

Customer Reviews (1)

A fascinating subject indeed
but "Finlandization: Finlandization, NATO, Country, Sovereignty, Cold War, Franz Josef Strauss, Richard Löwenthal, Willy Brandt, Ostpolitik, Appeasement, History of Finland, Satellite state" is not a serious study of this issue (altho there are books that are). This book is a strung together series of wikipedia articles, put together by a search script. No editing at all.

For some real analysis of finlandization, try:
The Political Psychology of Appeasement: Finlandization and Other Unpopular Essays or
Finlandization: Towards a General Theory of Adaptive Politics ... Read more