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This digital document is an article from Geoscience Canada, published by Thomson Gale on September 1, 2005. The length of the article is 7230 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: Geology and wine 9: regional trace element fingerprinting of Canadian wines.(SERIES)
Author: John D. Greenough
Publication: Geoscience Canada (Magazine/Journal)
Date: September 1, 2005
Publisher: Thomson Gale
Volume: 32Issue: 3Page: 129(9)

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This book provides a comprehensive and up-to-date account of the HPLC technology and fingerprints of commonly-used Chinese herbs. It contains HPLC fingerprints of over 40 traditional Chinese medicinal herbs and details their sources, production and quality control. The book provides a practical review of techniques, relevant materials, and the particular demands for using HPLC in traditional Chinese medicinal herb applications. It also covers HPLC methods used to analyze the herbs. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is increasingly used in the field of traditional Chinese medicine for obtaining fingerprints of Chinese medicinal herbs. Advantages such as high speed, high resolution, high sensitivity, stability, accuracy, and automation make it one of the leading techniques used for quality control, standardization of planting, and new drug development in traditional Chinese medicine. To date, no other books on HPLC fingerprints of traditional Chinese medicinal herbs have been published in English. This is the first book in English devoted to providing readers with state-of-the-art information on HPLC applied in the analysis of traditional Chinese medicinal herbs. ... Read more

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This book is for audio information retrievalpractitioners.It is about audio content-based search.Specifically, it is on exploring promising paths forbridging the semantic gap that currently preventswide deployment of audio content-based searchengines. Music search sound engines rely on metadata,mostly human generated, to manage collections ofaudio assets. Even though time-consuming anderror-prone, human labeling is a common practice.Audio content-based methods, algorithms thatautomatically extract description fromaudio files,are generally not mature enough to provide the userfriendly representation that users demand wheninteracting with audio content. This dissertation has twoparts. In a first part we explore the strengths andlimitation of a pure low-level audio descriptiontechnique: audio fingerprinting. In the second part, we hypothesize that one of theproblems that hinders the closing the semantic gap isthe lack of intelligence that encodes common senseknowledge and that such a knowledge base is a primarystep toward bridging the semantic gap. We present a sound effectsretrieval system which leverages both low-level andsemantic technologies. ... Read more

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This digital document is a journal article from Atmospheric Environment, published by Elsevier in 2005. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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The density, genetic structure and diversity of airborne bacterial communities were assessed in the outdoor atmosphere. Two air samples were collected on the same location (north of France) at two dates (March 2003 (sample1) and May 2003 (sample 2)). Molecular culture-independent methods were used to characterise airborne bacterial communities regardless of the cell culturability. The automated-ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (A-RISA) was performed to characterise the community structure in each sample. For both sampling dates, complex A-RISA patterns were observed suggesting a highly diverse community structure, comparable to those found in soil, water or sediment environments. Furthermore, differences in the genetic structure of airborne bacterial communities were observed between samples 1 and 2 suggesting an important variability in time. A clone library of 16S rDNA directly amplified from air DNA of sample 1 was constructed and sequenced to analyse the community composition and diversity. The Proteobacteria group had the greatest representation (60%), with bacteria belonging to the different subdivisions @a- (19%), @b-(21%), @c-(12%) and @d-(8%). Firmicute and Actinobacteria were also well represented with 14% and 12%, respectively. Most of the identified bacteria are known to be commonly associated with soil or plant environments suggesting that the atmosphere is mainly colonised transiently by microorganisms from local sources, depending on air fluxes. ... Read more

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Webster's bibliographic and event-based timelines are comprehensive in scope, covering virtually all topics, geographic locations and people. They do so from a linguistic point of view, and in the case of this book, the focus is on "Fingerprinting," including when used in literature (e.g. all authors that might have Fingerprinting in their name). As such, this book represents the largest compilation of timeline events associated with Fingerprinting when it is used in proper noun form. Webster's timelines cover bibliographic citations, patented inventions, as well as non-conventional and alternative meanings which capture ambiguities in usage. These furthermore cover all parts of speech (possessive, institutional usage, geographic usage) and contexts, including pop culture, the arts, social sciences (linguistics, history, geography, economics, sociology, political science), business, computer science, literature, law, medicine, psychology, mathematics, chemistry, physics, biology and other physical sciences. This "data dump" results in a comprehensive set of entries for a bibliographic and/or event-based timeline on the proper name Fingerprinting, since editorial decisions to include or exclude events is purely a linguistic process. The resulting entries are used under license or with permission, used under "fair use" conditions, used in agreement with the original authors, or are in the public domain. ... Read more

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This digital document is a journal article from Soil Biology and Biochemistry, published by Elsevier in . The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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Peach tree replant disease, though reported on in the literature for more than two centuries, has yet to have its causes clearly defined. Decline in peach productivity has been attributed to toxic agents, insects, nutritional disturbances, spray residues, fungi and nematodes. Bacteria has also been indicated as a contributing factor. Peach replant disease was reproduced by using two successive cultures on the same soil. Bacterial communities were isolated and characterized from healthy and diseased peach trees. The potential role of cyanide production by rhizobacteria in the replant problem of peaches was studied. Culture-dependent (evaluation of the number of culturable bacteria, metabolic activities, Biolog^(R) GN2) and independent (ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis, RISA) methods were used, in order to compare bacterial community structure and diversity in healthy and sick soils and to evaluate the possible role of cyanide. Bacterial densities were significantly increased in sick soils. Metabolic activities (Biolog^(R) GN2) and genetic structure, observed through RISA, were also significantly modified in sick soils. Changes in the composition of individual microbial groups in the rhizosphere of peach trees excavated from healthy or sick soil indicated the involvement of rhizobacteria in the etiology of the replant sickness of peach soil. More than 60% of the strains isolated from healthy soils corresponded to Pseudomonas sp. and 58% of the isolates from sick soils were Bacillus sp. This study determined that Bacillus were able to produce in vitro HCN. It also appeared that in sick soil, there was a shift in the structure of bacterial communities with an increase noted in phytotoxic microorganisms capable of producing HCN compounds. ... Read more

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This digital document is a journal article from Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, published by Elsevier in . The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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Culture-independent 16S rDNA-DGGE fingerprinting and phylogenetic analysis were used to reveal the community structure and diversity of the predominant bacteria associated with the four sponges Stelletta tenui, Halichrondria, Dysidea avara, and Craniella australiensis from the South China Sea for the first time. Sponge total community DNA extracted with a direct grinding disruption based method was used successfully after series dilution for 16S rDNA PCR amplification, which simplifies the current procedure and results in good DGGE banding profiles. 16S rDNA-V3 fragments from 42 individual DGGE bands were sequenced and the detailed corresponding bacteria were found in sponges for the fist time based on BLAST results. The sponge-associated bacteria are sponge host-specific because each of the tested four sponges from the same geographical location has different predominant bacterial diversity. Proteobacteria, e.g. @a, @b and @c subdivisions, make up the majority of the predominant bacteria in sponges and are perhaps in close symbiotic relationship with sponges. Though similar bacteria with close phylogenetic relationships were found among different sponges, the sponge-associated predominant bacterial community structures differ. Sponge C. australiensis has the greatest bacterial diversity, with the four bacteria phyla Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria, followed by the sponge D. avara with the two phyla Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes, and the sponges S. tenui and Halichrondria with the phylum Proteobacteria. DGGE fingerprint-based analysis should ideally be integrated with band cloning and sequencing, phylogenetic analysis and molecular techniques to obtain precise results in terms of the microbial community and diversity. ion. ... Read more

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Doctoral Thesis on archeological glass fingerprinting of 19th century window glass. ... Read more

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This digital document is an article from Wines & Vines, published by Hiaring Company on June 1, 1993. The length of the article is 628 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: Petite Sirah meets DNA at Foppiano promo event. (wine product; DNA fingerprinting for grape varieties; Foppiano Vineyards)
Publication: Wines & Vines (Magazine/Journal)
Date: June 1, 1993
Publisher: Hiaring Company
Volume: v74Issue: n6Page: p56(1)

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This digital document is a journal article from Chemosphere, published by Elsevier in . The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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Seven soils were sampled from farmland at different distances (0.01-5km) from a copper and zinc smelter. The total contents of heavy metals in these soils ranged from 46 to 4895mgCukg^-^1, 96 to 1133mgZnkg^-^1, and 6.9 to 28.8mgCdkg^-^1, respectively. The available fractions were highly correlated with total contents of the metals. In order to assess the impact of combined contamination of heavy metals on soil bacterial communities, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplicons of 16S rDNA sequence of bacteria in soil was used. Bacterial community structure was affected to some extent by heavy metals. The number of DGGE bands in soils increased with increasing distance from the copper and zinc smelter. Clustering analysis of the DGGE profiles showed that bacteria in the seven soils belonged to three clusters. Bacterial communities in three soils sampled at 0.01-0.60km from the smelter belonged to one cluster, and those in three soils sampled at 0.8-1.2km from the smelter belong to another cluster. Bacterial community in soil farthest from the smelter belonged to a single cluster. This study demonstrated that heavy metal contamination decreased both biomass and diversity of bacterial community in the soil. ... Read more

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This digital document is an article from Human Biology, published by Wayne State University Press on December 1, 1993. The length of the article is 7113 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

From the author: Relatedness between individuals is an important element of genetic-epidemiological and evolutionary investigations in the context of anthropological research. In general, data on relationships between individuals are gathered from personal interviews or from examination of vital records. When blood samples are collected, such information can be validated from genotypic similarities of individuals. Although genotype data may offer opportunities to exclude certain types of relationships, inclusionary statements are necessarily only probabilistic in nature. The limitations of such probabilistic statements depend on the number of segregating alleles and the extent of polymorphisms at the loci employed. With the advent of DNA technology, several hypervariable single-locus probes (SLPs) and multilocus probes (MLPs) are now available for many organisms. These can be used to circumvent limitations of unequivocal assignment of relationships from genotype data. In this article we describe analytical principles for such investigations. In particular, we propose summary measures of DNA fingerprinting data (e.g., number of different alleles and number of shared alleles) that can be used to describe kinship relationships between individuals. We derive the expected distributions of number of alleles in individuals and of number of shared alleles between individuals of known relationships in a population. These distributions can be used in hypothesis testing to determine relatedness between individuals. We also derive the number of SLPs, each detecting a hypervariable polymorphism, needed to determine a specified relationship for given ranges of errors of prediction. Illustrations of the theory with data on several short tandem repeat loci and variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) loci indicate that with 6 to 12 SLPs the parent-offspring pairs can be reliably distinguished from random pairs of individuals. This theory also serves the purpose of detecting inbreeding levels in a natural population.

Citation Details
Title: Determination of relatedness between individuals using DNA fingerprinting. (Special Issue: Genetic-Epidemiological Methods in Anthropological Research) (Editorial)
Author: Ranajit Chakraborty
Publication: Human Biology (Refereed)
Date: December 1, 1993
Publisher: Wayne State University Press
Volume: v65Issue: n6Page: p875(21)

Article Type: Editorial

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This digital document is a journal article from Analytica Chimica Acta, published by Elsevier in . The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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Recently, chromatographic fingerprinting has become one of the most powerful approaches to quality control of herbal medicines. However, the performance of reported chromatographic fingerprinting constructed by single chromatogram sometimes turns out to be inadequate for complex herbal medicines, such as multi-herb botanical drug products. In this study, multiple chromatographic fingerprinting, which consists of more than one chromatographic fingerprint and represents the whole characteristics of chemical constitutions of the complex medicine, is proposed as a potential strategy in this complicated case. As a typical example, a binary chromatographic fingerprinting of ''Danshen Dropping Pill'' (DSDP), the best-sold traditional Chinese medicine in China, was developed. First, two HPLC fingerprints that, respectively, represent chemical characteristics of depsides and saponins of DSDP were developed, which were used to construct binary chromatographic fingerprints of DSDP. Moreover, the authentication and validation of the binary fingerprints were performed. Then, a data-level information fusion method was employed to capture the chemical information encoded in two chromatographic fingerprints. Based on the fusion results, the lot-to-lot consistency and frauds can be determined either using similarity measure or by chemometrics approach. The application of binary chromatographic fingerprinting to consistency assessment and frauds detection of DSDP clearly demonstrated that the proposed method was a powerful approach to quality control of complex herbal medicines. ... Read more

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Indoor localisation systems are evolving towards systems that can take advantage of any readily available information in the environment. This type of localisation is called opportunistic localisation system. Some aspects of opportunistic indoor localisation systems, utilising received signal strength (RSS) measurement, need to be enhanced in terms of accuracy and usability. This book explains a learning data fusion algorithm based on a particle filter to increase the accuracy and usability of opportunistic indoor localisation system. The particle filter algorithm is improved with map filtering and backtracking particle filtering to further increase accuracy of the system.To address the usability problem, a learning data fusion algorithm was devised. This was able to automatically generate and calibrate a RSS fingerprint. The algorithm maintained the fingerprint up-to-date, thus achieving self-calibration of the localisation system.In addition, data fusion of different sensory data such as WLAN, pedestrian dead reckoning (PDR), ultrasound and wireless sensor network (WSN) was elaborated. ... Read more

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This digital document is an article from Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science, published by Kansas Academy of Science on April 1, 2002. The length of the article is 1750 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: Application of randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fingerprinting to detect genetic variation in sericea lespedeza (Lespedeza cuneata).
Author: Marshall I. Sundberg
Publication: Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science (Refereed)
Date: April 1, 2002
Publisher: Kansas Academy of Science
Page: 91(5)

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