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The ozone layer that has shielded the Earth from damaging ultraviolet radiation is diminishing due to the use of ozone-layer depleting substances such as CFCs. On the basis of phase-out dates laid down in the Montreal Protocol, it will take until around 2130 for these man-made compounds to disappear from the atmosphere. The effects of the thinning ozone layer include health problems such as skin cancer and cataracts, damage to marine food chains and crops, and the potential for increased global warming. Since the ozone hole over Antarctica was discovered, international scientific and political recognition of this problem has been encouraging. ... Read more

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These teacher resources accompany a text which studies patterns of work across the world and considers the main economic-development themes, by examining the issues affecting people living in different economic environments. They contain a strategy for synthesis across the whole series. ... Read more

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In the last two decades, there has been growing interest in pursuing theoretical paradigms that capture complex learning situations. Cultural Historical Activity Theory (CHAT) is one of several theoretical frameworks that became very popular among educational researchers because it conceptualizes individuals and their environment as a holistic unit of analysis. It assumes a non-dualistic ontology and acknowledges the complexities involved in human activity in natural settings. Recently, reputable journals such as the American Psychologist, Educational Psychologist, and Educational Researcher that are targeted for a wide-range of audience have included articles on CHAT. In many of such articles, CHAT has been referred to as social constructivism, sociocultural theory, or activity theory.

Activity systems analysis is one of the popular methods among CHAT researchers for mapping complex human interactions from qualitative data. However, understanding the methods involved in activity systems analysis is a challenging task for many researchers. This difficulty derives from several reasons. First the original texts of CHAT are in Russian and there have been numerous authors who report on the difficulties of reconciling translation problems of the works of original authors’ such as Vygotsky and Leontiev. Second, in North America activity systems analysis has deviated from the Russian scholars’ intentions and Engeström’s original work using the triangle model to identify tensions to overcome and bring about sociopolitical change in participant practices. Third, to this date there are numerous publications on the theoretical background of activity theory and studies reporting the results of using activity systems analysis for unpacking qualitative data sets, but there have been no methodological publications on how researchers engage in activity systems analysis. Thus, there is a dearth of literature in both book and journal publications that guide researchers on the methodological issues involving activity systems analysis.

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This book identifies accumulated environmental, social and economic effects of oil and gas leasing, exploration, and production on Alaska's North Slope. Economic benefits to the region have been accompanied by effects of the roads, infrastructure and activities of oil and gas production on the terrain, plants, animals and peoples of the North Slope. While attempts by the oil industry and regulatory agencies have reduced many of the environmental effects, they have not been eliminated. The book makes recommendations for further environmental research related to environmental effects. ... Read more

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This digital document is a journal article from Science of the Total Environment, The, published by Elsevier in . The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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Each year U.S. foundries landfill several million tons of sand that can no longer be used to make metalcasting molds and cores. A possible use for these materials is as an ingredient in manufactured soils; however, potentially harmful metals and resin binders (used to make cores) may adversely impact the soil microbial community. In this study, the dehydrogenase activity (DHA) of soil amended with molding sand (clay-coated sand known as ''green sand'') or core sands at 10%, 30%, and 50% (dry wt.) was determined. The green sands were obtained from iron, aluminum, and brass foundries; the core sands were made with phenol-formaldehyde or furfuryl alcohol based resins. Overall, incremental additions of these sands resulted in a decrease in the DHA which lasted throughout the 12-week experimental period. A brass green sand, which contained high concentrations of Cu, Pb, and Zn, severely impacted the DHA. By week 12 no DHA was detected in the 30% and 50% treatments. In contrast, the DHA in soil amended with an aluminum green sand was 2.1 times higher (all blending ratios), on average, at week 4 and 1.4 times greater (30% and 50% treatments only) than the controls by week 12. In core sand-amended soil, the DHA results were similar to soils amended with aluminum and iron green sands. Increased activity in some treatments may be a result of the soil microorganisms utilizing the core resins as a carbon source. The DHA assay is a sensitive indicator of environmental stress caused by foundry sand constituents and may be useful to assess which foundry sands are suitable for beneficial use in the environment. ... Read more

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This digital document is a journal article from Flora, published by Elsevier in . The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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Nitrate reductase activity (NRA) in different compartments of 14 Mediterranean geophytes (bulbous, tuberous and rhizomatous) and actual mineral nitrogen (NO"3^- and NH"4^+) in their soils were investigated. The nitrate reduction capacities of each species were determined as NRA per total plant material. Differences among compartments for NRA were significant in all species. The highest NRA was found in leaves of tuberous species (Anemone coronaria, Cyclamen coum) and of most bulbous species (Allium flavum, Allium guttatum, Bellevelia sarmatica, Galanthus plicatus, Leucojum aestivum, Ornithogalum nutans, Tulipa sylvestris). Therefore, in this group of species the contribution of the leaves to total plant NRA was the highest. The other bulbous species (Allium scorodoprasum, Crocus chrysanthus, Fritillaria bithynica, Muscari neglectum) and one rhizomatous taxon (Iris suaveolens) have a different NRA distribution within the plants. In these species the highest values of NRA were found in different organs. For example, in Allium scorodoprasum the highest NRA was in tunics, and in flowers in M. neglectum. Although leaves are the main compartments reducing nitrate in most of the studied geophytes, other compartments also contribute to total plant nitrate reduction. Our results show that the nitrate reduction capacity is different among geophyte species. Even if it roughly reflects the nitrogen supply in a habitat, differences in nitrate reduction capacities of different species collected from same sites indicate that the nitrate reducing capacity is species-specific. ... Read more

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This digital document is a journal article from Marine Policy, published by Elsevier in 2007. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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The global community's ability to assess the environmental effects of marine scientific research (MSR) as required by the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea's (UNCLOS) marine environment provisions (MEP) is limited, as shown by experimental activities that intentionally manipulate the marine environment. Such work enhances knowledge of the ocean, but it may also have significant environmental effects. This growing use of the ocean as a laboratory has global scientific, environmental, legal and policy implications. Examined here is the relationship between the MSR and the MEP provisions of UNCLOS. International, science-driven guidelines are proposed. ... Read more

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This digital document is an article from Journal of School Health, published by American School Health Association on April 1, 2009. The length of the article is 5254 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

From the author: Keywords: child and adolescent health; physical fitness and sport; school physical education; adolescent physical activity.

Citation Details
Title: Relation of school environment and policy to adolescent physical activity.(Research Article)(Report)
Author: Nefertiti Durant
Publication: Journal of School Health (Magazine/Journal)
Date: April 1, 2009
Publisher: American School Health Association
Volume: 79Issue: 4Page: 153(7)

Article Type: Report

Distributed by Gale, a part of Cengage Learning ... Read more

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Get ready for lots of colorful activities about respecting animals, understanding the environment, exploring different parts of the world, appreciating nature and much more! These workbooks contain 128 pages of educational activity fun printed on environmentally responsible paper using veggie based inks! You can also GO GREEN with the reusable game boards and the creative reduce-reuse-recycle activity ideas! ... Read more