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This digital document is an article from Denver Journal of International Law and Policy, published by University of Denver on September 22, 2004. The length of the article is 15497 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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Title: A case study in multinational corporate accountability: Ecuador's indigenous peoples struggle for redress.
Author: Maxi Lyons
Publication: Denver Journal of International Law and Policy (Magazine/Journal)
Date: September 22, 2004
Publisher: University of Denver
Volume: 32Issue: 4Page: 701(32)

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Chapters: Indigenous Peoples in Ecuador. Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 97. Not illustrated. Free updates online. Purchase includes a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Excerpt: Mainly: Sierra (Andean highlands) and Oriente (Eastern) Indigenous peoples in Ecuador are the groups of people who were present in what became the South American nation of Ecuador when Europeans arrived. The term also includes their descendants from the time of the Spanish conquest to the present. Their history, which encompasses the last 11,000 years, reaches into the present; 25 percent of Ecuador's population is of indigenous heritage, while another 65 percent is of mixed indigenous and European heritage. Black people, people of Spanish descent, and others make up the remaining 10 percent. There are different theories about how the American continents became populated. The prevailing theory, the Land Bridge Theory, holds that the first inhabitants of Americas migrated from Asia across the Beringia. According to this theory, the first inhabitants of South America arrived from North America via the Panamanian isthmus. Other theories hold that the first humans to reside in the Americas came across the Pacific Ocean from Oceania or across the Atlantic Ocean from Europe. While archaeologists have proposed different temporal models at different times, the schematic currently in use divides prehistoric Ecuador into five major time periods: Lithic, Archaic, Formative, Regional Development, and Integration. These time periods are determined by the cultural development of groups being studied, and are not directly linked to specific dates, e.g. through carbon dating. The Lithic period encompasses the earliest stages of development, beginning with the culture that migrated into the American continents and continuing until the Late Pleistocene or Early Holocene. The people of thi...More: http://booksllc.net/?id=18429324 ... Read more

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This is a NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA report procured by the Pentagon and made available for public release. It has been reproduced in the best form available to the Pentagon. It is not spiral-bound, but rather assembled with Velobinding in a soft, white linen cover. The Storming Media report number is A137404. The abstract provided by the Pentagon follows: Ecuador has historically excluded the indigenous peoples economically to the point where they experience the highest levels of poverty in the country. The indigenous people have been tied to their land and current economic policies are endangering their communal property rights and their way of life. Also contributing to that inequality is the political exclusion they experience. Without effective representation social programs have been cancelled at will and economic policies and reforms are implemented without debate with those they most affect. With this last wave of democratization the indigenous people of Ecuador are now highly organized. They have changed their image from one of subservience to the traditional political and economic elites to one of activists demanding the government uphold its constitutional mandate while increasing the indigenous peoples own rights to self-determination. The combination of these three factors creates potential for further violence. The governments pursuit of oil-led development and its damaging effects on the economy and environment will clash with the indigenous peoples desire to maintain their culture and way of life. The violence stemming from the insurgency and large flows of illegal money in neighboring countries only increases the likelihood of Indian political violence in Ecuador. ... Read more

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Chapters: Conaie, Shuar, Achuar, Cofán, Zapara, Otavalo, Cotocollao Indians, Cañaris, Awá, Tagaeri, Maina Indians, Siona People, Taromenane, Secoya People, Confeniae, Tsáchila, Tetete People, Canelos-Quichua, Amarum. Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 80. Not illustrated. Free updates online. Purchase includes a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Excerpt: Mainly: Sierra (Andean highlands) and Oriente (Eastern) Indigenous peoples in Ecuador are the groups of people who were present in what became the South American nation of Ecuador when Europeans arrived. The term also includes their descendants from the time of the Spanish conquest to the present. Their history, which encompasses the last 11,000 years, reaches into the present; 25 percent of Ecuador's population is of indigenous heritage, while another 65 percent is of mixed indigenous and European heritage. Black people, people of Spanish descent, and others make up the remaining 10 percent. There are different theories about how the American continents became populated. The prevailing theory, the Land Bridge Theory, holds that the first inhabitants of Americas migrated from Asia across the Beringia. According to this theory, the first inhabitants of South America arrived from North America via the Panamanian isthmus. Other theories hold that the first humans to reside in the Americas came across the Pacific Ocean from Oceania or across the Atlantic Ocean from Europe. While archaeologists have proposed different temporal models at different times, the schematic currently in use divides prehistoric Ecuador into five major time periods: Lithic, Archaic, Formative, Regional Development, and Integration. These time periods are determined by the cultural development of groups being studied, and are not directly linked to specific dates, e.g. through carbon dating. The Lithic period encompasses the earl...More: http://booksllc.net/?id=18429324 ... Read more

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Chapters: Indigenous Peoples in Brazil, Indigenous Peoples in Ecuador, Ya̧nomamö, Indigenous Peoples in Colombia, Jivaroan Peoples, Kayapo People, Chané, Tuyuca, Coordinator of Indigenous Organizations of the Amazon River Basin, Archeological Museum of Pasca, Kadiweu People, Indigenous Peoples in South America, South American Indigenous People, Chasa, Ingarikó, Macu Tribe. Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 72. Not illustrated. Free updates online. Purchase includes a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Excerpt: Mainly: Sierra (Andean highlands) and Oriente (Eastern) Indigenous peoples in Ecuador are the groups of people who were present in what became the South American nation of Ecuador when Europeans arrived. The term also includes their descendants from the time of the Spanish conquest to the present. Their history, which encompasses the last 11,000 years, reaches into the present; 25 percent of Ecuador's population is of indigenous heritage, while another 65 percent is of mixed indigenous and European heritage. Black people, people of Spanish descent, and others make up the remaining 10 percent. There are different theories about how the American continents became populated. The prevailing theory, the Land Bridge Theory, holds that the first inhabitants of Americas migrated from Asia across the Beringia. According to this theory, the first inhabitants of South America arrived from North America via the Panamanian isthmus. Other theories hold that the first humans to reside in the Americas came across the Pacific Ocean from Oceania or across the Atlantic Ocean from Europe. While archaeologists have proposed different temporal models at different times, the schematic currently in use divides prehistoric Ecuador into five major time periods: Lithic, Archaic, Formative, Regional Development, and Integration. These time periods are determined by the ...More: http://booksllc.net/?id=18429324 ... Read more

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This digital document is an article from E, published by Earth Action Network, Inc. on November 1, 1999. The length of the article is 819 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: Close to Nature.(an ecotourism lodge in Ecuador is trying to preserve the indigenous people's way of life)(Brief Article)
Author: Jennifer Bogo
Publication: E (Magazine/Journal)
Date: November 1, 1999
Publisher: Earth Action Network, Inc.
Volume: 10Issue: 6Page: 46

Article Type: Brief Article

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In June 1990, Indigenous peoples shocked Ecuadorian elites with a powerful uprising that paralyzed the country for a week. Militants insisted that the government address Indigenous demands for land ownership, education, and economic development. This uprising was a milestone in the history of Ecuador's social justice movements, and it inspired popular organizing efforts across Latin America. While the insurrection seemed to come out of nowhere, Marc Becker demonstrates that it emerged out of years of organizing and developing strategies to advance Indigenous rights. In this richly documented account, he chronicles a long history of Indigenous political activism in Ecuador, from the creation of the first local agricultural syndicates in the 1920s through the galvanizing protests of 1990. In so doing, he reveals the central role of women in Indigenous movements and the history of productive collaborations between rural Indigenous activists and urban leftist intellectuals.

Becker explains how rural laborers and urban activists worked together in Ecuador, merging ethnic and class-based struggles for social justice. Socialists were often the first to defend Indigenous languages, cultures, and social organizations. They introduced rural activists to new tactics, including demonstrations and strikes. Drawing on leftist influences, Indigenous peoples became adept at reacting to immediate, local forms of exploitation while at the same time addressing broader underlying structural inequities. Through an examination of strike activity in the 1930s, the establishment of a national-level Ecuadorian Federation of Indians in 1944, and agitation for agrarian reform in the 1960s, Becker shows that the history of Indigenous mobilizations in Ecuador is longer and deeper than many contemporary observers have recognized. ... Read more

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Ecuador is the third-largest foreign supplier of crude oil to the western United States. As the source of this oil, the Ecuadorian Amazon has borne the far-reaching social and environmental consequences of a growing U.S. demand for petroleum and the dynamics of economic globalization it necessitates. Crude Chronicles traces the emergence during the 1990s of a highly organized indigenous movement and its struggles against a U.S. oil company and Ecuadorian neoliberal policies. Against the backdrop of mounting government attempts to privatize and liberalize the national economy, Suzana Sawyer shows how neoliberal reforms in Ecuador led to a crisis of governance, accountability, and representation that spurred one of twentieth-century Latin America’s strongest indigenous movements.

Through her rich ethnography of indigenous marches, demonstrations, occupations, and negotiations, Sawyer tracks the growing sophistication of indigenous politics as Indians subverted, re-deployed, and, at times, capitulated to the dictates and desires of a transnational neoliberal logic. At the same time, she follows the multiple maneuvers and discourses that the multinational corporation and the Ecuadorian state used to circumscribe and contain indigenous opposition. Ultimately, Sawyer reveals that indigenous struggles over land and oil operations in Ecuador were as much about reconfiguring national and transnational inequality—that is, rupturing the silence around racial injustice, exacting spaces of accountability, and rewriting narratives of national belonging—as they were about the material use and extraction of rain-forest resources. ... Read more

Customer Reviews (1)

Globalization on the ground in Amazonia
This is one of the best books on indigenous politics that has been written. The author's 20 years of experience in the Ecuadoran Amazonia show in the depth of her narrative and in her careful and accessible use of Foucault to draw out the complexities of indigenous identity, conceptions of nation and nationalism, and the impact of global forces. It is also beautifully written. Clearly, a labor of love and conviction by a scholar who has spent hours listening to indigenous activists , oil company officials, state officials, NGO workers, academics, and, most importantly native Ecuadorans of widely diverse political views and fashioned a wonderful book. If you are interested in all the complex political issues surrounding globalization as seen from the Amazon, you don't need a Ph.D to find this a great read ... Read more

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This dissertation argues that Amazonian indigenous peoples organized via transnational networks due to the domestic blockages presented to them in their respective countires. Due to these blockages and the growing number of transnational political opportunity structures, such as national and international non-govermental organizations, multi-lateral development banks, and multinational corporation, indigenous peoples mobilized through transnational advocacy networks and eventually formed transnational social movement organizations. Through a comparative-historical analysis of five Ecuadorian Amazonian indigenous organizations, this work illustrates the processes of transnational collective action and its outcomes. ... Read more

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The Zapara are one of the smallest Indigenous nationalities in Ecuador, with roughly two hundred members, most of whom live along the Conambo and Pindoyacu rivers in Pastaza province. The Zapara language is a member of the Zaparoan language family, a small group of Amazonian languages in eastern Ecuador and northern Peru. In 1998 four communities organized as the Nacionalidad Zapara de Ecuador (Zapara Nationality of Ecuador, NAZAE) with the intent of reasserting Zapara identity and establishing a legal Zapara territory distinct from those of other Indigenous nationalities in the region. At the heart of this revitalization was an attempt to document the language of the remaining Zapara elders as "proof" of these communities' cultural uniqueness. One State, Many Nations traces the Zapara nationality's process of self-organization and emergence within Ecuador's Indigenous movement from 1998 to 2008, to explore the complex role that multiculturalism has played in local Indigenous politics. The paradoxical treatment of Indigenous identity is the subject of this book. Its purpose is to explore the official recognition of ethnic and cultural difference in Ecuador with the following question in mind: has the official recognition of Indigenous rights provided new opportunities for Indigenous actors or further restricted their political action? ... Read more

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Customer Reviews (1)

Deeper insight into Ecuador and Indigenous issues of Latin America
This book fills a void in Latin American research.Little has been written about Ecuador compared to Peru, Guatemala and Mexico.I was a Peace Corps Volunteer in the Ecuadorian highlands (Guamote, Chimborazo) from 1988 - 1990.I needed this book to help me gain a better understanding of those two, very challenging years of my life.This book has helped me find many puzzle pieces that I simply did not have while I lived there.It also has helped me understand the changes I see between the late 80's and today.
The chapters are varied and not just focused on Ecuador - so anyone wishing a deeper understanding of Central and South America will find this book enlightening.
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Available December 2003In the past decade, Ecuador has seen five indigenous uprisings, the emergence of the powerful Pachakutik political movement, and the strengthening of the Confederation of Indigenous Nationalities of Ecuador and the Association of Black Ecuadorians, all of which have contributed substantially to a new constitution proclaiming the country to be “multiethnic and multicultural.” Furthermore, January 2003 saw the inauguration of a new populist president, who immediately appointed two indigenous persons to his cabinet. In this volume, eleven critical essays plus a lengthy introduction and a timely epilogue explore the multicultural forces that have allowed Ecuador's indigenous peoples to have such dramatic effects on the nation's political structure. The authors use their ethnographic experience to understand both the cultural systems of local-level aesthetics, ritual, and cosmology and the national political-economic transformations that have shaped this paradoxical, globalizing nation. In their descriptions and analyses, they bring the best of interpretive anthropological, sociological, and historical scholarship to bear on these transcultural and intercultural phenomena. Presenting a microcosm of the cultural transformations that are occurring throughout the Americas, the essays in Millennial Ecuador will appeal to Latin Americanists, social scientists and humanists of the Andes and Amazonia, and, in particular, anthropologists as well as undergraduate and graduate students.

ContributorsJim Belote
Linda Belote
Alfonso Chango
Rudi Colloredo-Mansfeld
Rachel Corr
Kris Lane
Diego Quiroga
Luis Macas
Jean Muteba Rahier
Michael Uzendoski
William T. Vickers
Mary J. Weismantel
Dorothea Scott Whitten
Michelle Wibbelsman ... Read more

Customer Reviews (1)

A welcome collection of papers on contemporary Ecuador
This welcome collection brings together research by anthropologists, historians, and indigenouos scholars who offer a comprehensive overview of the social and political dynamics of contemporary Ecuador. Contributors document practices of Andean, Amazonian, and Afro-Ecuadorian peoples as they struggle to address pressing issues in their personal lives. Whitten puts papers in context by providing a preface, a thorough introduction, and an epilogue updating the Ecuadorian political situation to 2003. The editor also provides a glossary and a useful appendix containing background information on Ecuador. Chapters by Rachel Corr, William T. Vickers, Michael A. Uzendoski, and Diego Quiroga are outstanding. Recommended. Stephen D. Glazier, University of Nebraska ... Read more

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This digital document is an article from NotiSur - South American Political and Economic Affairs, published by Latin American Data Base/Latin American Institute on February 14, 2003. The length of the article is 1042 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: ECUADOR: INDIGENOUS CABINET MEMBERS WALK TIGHTROPE BETWEEN ADMINISTRATION AND COMMUNITIES.
Publication: NotiSur - South American Political and Economic Affairs (Newsletter)
Date: February 14, 2003
Publisher: Latin American Data Base/Latin American Institute


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This digital document is an article from History Behind the Headlines, Vols. 1-6, brought to you by Gale®, a part of Cengage Learning, a world leader in e-research and educational publishing for libraries, schools and businesses.The length of the article is 6917 words.The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase.You can view it with any web browser.Presents in-depth information on conflicts appearing in today's headlines. Users are provided with historical background and analysis to events to give a greater understanding of the politics, players, and layers of current affairs. ... Read more

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This digital document is an article from New Internationalist, published by New Internationalist Magazine on May 1, 2003. The length of the article is 1655 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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Title: Growing from the grassroots. (Latin America: Ecuador - Indigenous Movements).
Author: Luis Angel Saavedra
Publication: New Internationalist (Magazine/Journal)
Date: May 1, 2003
Publisher: New Internationalist Magazine
Page: 27(2)

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This digital document is an article from NotiSur - South American Political and Economic Affairs, published by Latin American Data Base/Latin American Institute on March 7, 2003. The length of the article is 1855 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: ECUADOR: PRESIDENT LUCIO GUTIERREZ HAS SHORT HONEYMOON.(indigenous peoples protest new economic policy )
Publication: NotiSur - South American Political and Economic Affairs (Newsletter)
Date: March 7, 2003
Publisher: Latin American Data Base/Latin American Institute


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