Product Description
A history of Bulgaria?s Environmental Movement bothilluminates a crucial section of Bulgarian historyleft in the dark but also offers an enlighteningexploration of a social movement over time andthrough political transition. The work examineswhich actors have had the greatest positive impacton the reform and improvement of Bulgaria?senvironmental condition, legislation andinstitutions throughout the communist and post- communist eras. The Bulgarian environmental movementfirst developed in response to the environmentalcrisis in the town of Ruse in the 1980s and laterevolved into Ekoglasnost and the Green Party. Theirhistory, how the communist regime dealt with theenvironmental organizations, and their actions,achievements and eventual downfall during thedemocratic transition are all closely scrutinized.The book also focuses on the environmental non- governmental organizations which have a rich anddeserving history hitherto left totally unmentionedin works dealing with Bulgaria?s post-communist era.Two other main actors that have influencedBulgaria?s environmental sector are also examined ?domestic politicians and international institutions. ... Read more

Product Description
Purchase includes free access to book updates online and a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Chapters: People's Republic of Bulgaria, History of Bulgaria, Balkan League, Kingdom of Bulgaria, History of Bulgaria Since 1989. Excerpt:The Balkan League (Bulgarian : , Greek : , Serbian : ) was an alliance formed by a series of bilateral treaties concluded in 1912 between the Christian Balkan states and directed against the Ottoman Empire , which at the time still controlled much of the Balkan peninsula. The Balkans had been in a state of turmoil since the early 1900s, with years of guerrilla warfare in Macedonia followed by the Young Turk Revolution and the protracted Bosnian Crisis . The outbreak of the Italo-Turkish War in 1911 had further weakened the Ottomans and emboldened the Balkan states. Under Russian influence, Serbia and Bulgaria settled their differences and signed an alliance, originally directed against Austria-Hungary on 13 March 1912 , but by adding a secret chapter to it essentially redirected the alliance against the Ottoman Empire . Serbia then signed a mutual alliance with Montenegro , while Bulgaria did the same with Greece . The League was victorious in the First Balkan War which broke out in October 1912, where it successfully wrestled control of almost all Ottoman territories. Following this victory however, the old differences between the allies re-emerged over the division of the spoils, particularly Macedonia , leading to the effective break-up of the League, and soon after, on 16 June 1913, Bulgaria attacked her erstwhile allies, beginning the Second Balkan War .Background The Bosnian Crisis of 1908 altered the balance of power in the Balkans and precipitated events that would lead to the formation of the Balkan League. Cover of the French periodical Le Petit Journal .After the Crimean War (18531856), Russia realized that the other Great Powers would spar... ... Read more

Product Description
Chapters: Ohrana, Bulgarian Resistance Movement During World War Ii, Nagykanizsa-körmend Offensive, Bombing of Sofia in World War Ii, Battle of Drava, First Army, List of World War Ii Aces From Bulgaria. Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 44. Not illustrated. Free updates online. Purchase includes a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Excerpt: Ohrana (Bulgarian: with meaning: "Protection"); (Greek: ) were armed collaborationist detachments organized by the former Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (IMRO) structures, composed of Slavophone pro-Bulgarian oriented part of the population in Nazi-occupied Greek Macedonia during World War II and led by Bulgarian officers. Bulgaria was interested in acquiring Thessalonica and Western Macedonia, under Italian and German occupation and hopped to sway the allegiance of the 80,000 Slavs who lived there at the time. The appearance of Greek partisans in those areas persuaded the Italians to allow the formation of these collaborationst detachments. Bulgarian campaigns during World War I, borders in grey.The Macedonian Question, became especially prominent after the Balkan wars in 1912-1913, following the defeat of the Ottoman Empire and the subsequent division of the Region of Macedonia between Greece, Bulgaria and Serbia. During the Middle Ages Slavs in South Macedonia were mostly defined as Bulgarians and this continued also during 16th and 17th centuries by Ottoman historians and travellers like Hoca Sadeddin Efendi, Mustafa Selaniki, Hadji Khalfa and Evliya Celebi. The majority of Slavspeakers after 1870 were under the influence of the Bulgarian Exarchate and its education system, thus considered themselves as Bulgarians. Part of them were influenced by the Greek Patriarchate, which resulted in the formation of Greek consciousness. Greece, like all other Balkan states, adopted restrictive policies ...More: http://booksllc.net/?id=12751424 ... Read more

Product Description

Product Description
Mrs. Meadowsweet raised one dimpled hand slowly and laid it on top of the other. Her smile grew broader. ... Read more

Product Description
Since the Second World War Bulgaria has been little known to the outside world.This survey of its history from its liberation from the Ottoman Empire in 1878 to 1985 offers an understanding of the country's present position and the recent past that has shaped it. Dr Crampton begins with a short introduction covering the period of Ottoman rule and then examines the political evolution of the new state. In 1915 the ruler, 'Foxy Ferdinard', chose to join the Germans in the First World War. During the 1920s and early 1930s Bulgaria suffered from political violence, though in the second half of the 1930s stability returned under the strong but not dictatorial rule of King Boris. In 1940 Bulgaria's leaders again chose the wrong side in the Second World War and violence returned as the Communists plotted a bloody path to power. From the mid-1950s the dictatorial rule of Todor Zhivkov ensured stability and, though grave problems remained, the rise in living standards was a considerable achievement. ... Read more

Product Description
Chapters: Medieval Bulgarian Army. Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 68. Not illustrated. Free updates online. Purchase includes a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Excerpt: The Medieval Bulgarian Army was the primary military body of the First and the Second Bulgarian Empires. During the first decades after the foundation of the country, the army consisted of a Bulgar cavalry and a Slavic infantry. The core of the Bulgarian army was the heavy cavalry, which consisted of 12,00030,000 heavily armed riders. At its height in the 9th and 10th centuries, it was one of the most formidable military forces in Europe and was feared by its enemies. There are several documented cases of Byzantine commanders abandoning an invasion because of a reluctance to confront the Bulgarian army on its home territory. The army was intrinsically linked to the very existence of the Bulgarian state. Its success under Tsar Simeon I marked the creation of a wide-ranging empire, and its defeat in a prolonged war of attrition in the early 11th century meant the end of Bulgarian independence. When the Bulgarian state was reestablished in 1185, a series of capable emperors achieved a remarkable string of victories over the Byzantines and the Western Crusaders, but as the state and its army fragmented in the 13th and 14th centuries, it proved unable to halt the Ottoman advance, which resulted in the conquest of all of Bulgaria by 1422. It would not be until 1878, with the Liberation of Bulgaria, that a Bulgarian military would be restored. A victorious Bulgar warrior from the Treasure of Nagyszentmiklós.The early Bulgars were a warlike people and war was part of their everyday life, with every adult Bulgar obliged to fight. The early Bulgars were exclusively horsemen: in their culture, the horse was considered a sacred animal and received special care. The supreme commander was t...More: http://booksllc.net/?id=17822543 ... Read more

Product Description
Chapters: Crimean Khanate, Crimean Tatars, Crimean Tatars in Bulgaria, History of the Russo-Turkish Wars, Aziz Nesin, Adnan Menderes, Crimean Tatar Language, Ismail Gaspıralı, Cüneyt Arkın, Taras Fedorovych, Crimean Tatar Diaspora, Taurida Governorate, Ilhan Mansız, Roxelana, Yevpatoria, Crimean Tatars in Romania, Eski Yurt, Ahmet Davutoğlu, Necip Hablemitoğlu, Muravsky Trail, Mehmet Niyazi, Azov, Mustafa Abdülcemil Qırımoğlu, Battle of Podhajce, Crimean Tatars National Football Team, Bakhchisaray, List of Crimean Khans, Ilber Ortaylı, Noman Çelebicihan, Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca, Ochakiv, Halil Inalcık, Crimean Campaigns, Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, Bilohirsk, Yakup Satar, Enver Izmaylov, Esin Engin, Mustafa Edige Kirimal, Bekir Çoban-Zade, Deportation of Crimean Tatars, Giray Dynasty, Russo-Crimean War, Rustam Khudzhamov, Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People, Battle of Kletsk, Irfan Ametov, Bunchuk, Devlet I Giray, Yeni-Kale, Tugay Bey, List of Crimean Tatars, Khan Temir, Treaty of Bakhchisarai, Kemal Karpat, Rizvan Ablitarov, Treaty of Jassy, Saide Arifova, Yaliboyu Tatars, the Spiritual Direction of the Muslims of Ukraine, Izyumsky Trail, Milliy Firqa, Spiritual Direction of the Muslims of Crimea. Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 278. Not illustrated. Free updates online. Purchase includes a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Excerpt: Crimea -The name Crimea takes its origin in the name of a city of Qrm (today's Stary Krym) which served as a capital of the Crimean province of the Golden Horde. Qrm is Crimean Tatar for "my hill" (qr hill, -m my). However, there are other versions of the etymology of Qrm. Russian Krym is a Russified form of Qrm. The ancient Greeks called Crimea Tauris (later Taurica), after its inhabitants, the Tauri. The Greek historian Herodotus mentions that Heracles plowed that land using a huge ox ("Taurus"), ...More: http://booksllc.net/?id=47394 ... Read more

Product Description
Purchase includes free access to book updates online and a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Chapters: List of Birds of Bulgaria, List of Mammals of Bulgaria, List of Amphibia of Bulgaria. Excerpt:There are 17 amphibia species that inhabit the territory of Bulgaria . They include 12 frog species from five families and 5 salamander species from the family Salamandridae . The most recently discoverred species is the Edible Frog which was first registered in 1966. Some of the most common species include the European Green Toad , Yellow-bellied toad and Marsh Frog . List of species In Bulgaria the European Fire-bellied Toad inhabits all regions up to 400 m (1,300 ft) altitude The European tree frog usually has a length of 30 40 mm (1.2 1.6 in), rarely 45 mm (1.8 in) The Common Spadefoot is active at night. By day it hides underground or in dark and cool places The Edible Frog is the last species recorded in the country The brightly coloured Fire Salamander is among Europe's most distinguished animals The Alpine Newt inhabits the south-western mountainous areas of the country Order Anura (Frogs ) Bombinatoridae is an Old World toad family often referred to as Fire-bellied toads because of their brightly colored ventral sides which show that they are highly toxic. It includes two genera, Barbourula and Bombina, both of which have flattened bodies. Two species from the latter occur in Bulgaria. Bombina is a small genus with eight species which inhabit the area between Spain and East Asia . Bufonidae is a family of toads spread in the whole world with the exception of Australia and the islands in the Indian Ocean . The family includes 36 genera, only one of which is represented in Bulgaria. Bufo is a large genus with around 250 species, two of which can be found in the territory of the country. The species of that genera are cosmopolitan and able to live under adverse conditions. Hylid... ... Read more

Product Description
This digital document is an article from Canadian Journal of History, published by University of Saskatchewan on December 1, 1997. The length of the article is 1345 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: A Concise History of Bulgaria. (book reviews)
Author: James R., Jr. Payton
Publication: Canadian Journal of History (Refereed)
Date: December 1, 1997
Publisher: University of Saskatchewan
Volume: v32Issue: n3Page: p501(2)

Article Type: Book Review

Distributed by Thomson Gale ... Read more

Product Description
Chapters: Turks in Bulgaria, Crimean Tatars in Bulgaria, History of Early Ottoman Bulgaria, Bulgarian Muslims, Demir Baba Teke, Alians, Arabs in Bulgaria. Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 82. Not illustrated. Free updates online. Purchase includes a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Excerpt: 326,000 - 480,817 (in Turkey) 10,000 - 30,000 (in the Netherlands) 2,000 - 10,000 (in Turkish North Cyprus) 2,620 (in Ghent Belgium) Turks in BulgariaTurks in Bulgaria constituted 9.4% of the total population in 2001 and are the largest minority group in Bulgaria. The Turks in Bulgaria are descendants of the early Turkic settlers who came from Anatolia across the narrows of the Dardanelles and the Bosporus following the Ottoman conquest of the Balkans in the late fourteenth and early fifteenth centuries, as well as some Bulgarian converts to Islam who were Turkified during the Ottoman rule. It has also been suggested that some Turks living today in Bulgaria may be direct ethnic descendants of earlier medieval Pecheneg, Ouz, and Cuman Turkic tribes. The Turkish community was formed as an ethnic minority after the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-78. This community is of Turkish ethnic consciousness and differs from the majority Bulgarian ethnicity and the rest of the Bulgarian nation by its own language, religion, culture, customs, and traditions. DNA research investigating the three largest population groups in Bulgaria: Bulgarians, Bulgarian Turks and Gypsies confirms with Y-chromosomal STR haplotype analysis that there is a significant differences between the three ethnic groups. The study revealed a high number of population-specific haplotypes and a low degree of haplotype sharing between the three ethnic communities. Distribution of Turks in Bulgaria by District in 2001Today, the Turks of Bulgaria are concentrated in two rural areas, in the Northeast (Ludogorie/...More: http://booksllc.net/?id=2893954 ... Read more

Product Description
This volume is produced from digital images created through the University of Michigan University Library's large-scale digitization efforts. The Library seeks to preserve the intellectual content of items in a manner that facilitates and promotes a variety of uses. The digital reformatting process results in an electronic version of the original text that can be both accessed online and used to create new print copies. The Library also understands and values the usefulness of print and makes reprints available to the public whenever possible. This book and hundreds of thousands of others can be found in the HathiTrust, an archive of the digitized collections of many great research libraries. For access to the University of Michigan Library's digital collections, please see http://www.lib.umich.edu and for information about the HathiTrust, please visit http://www.hathitrust.org ... Read more

Product Description
This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923.This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process.We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide.We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book. ... Read more