Geometry.Net - Agriculture: Farming Practices And Systems

Agricultural Systems - Alternative Agriculture
list of literature and videos pertaining to alternative farming systems. informationon sustainable farming production practices, alternative crop
http://agsyst.wsu.edu/altagr.htm

Extractions: WSU Extension publication that examines the science of composting, and discusses how to manage the decay process and how to make compost. The Pub includes a compost raw materials table, and covers compost use, health, and safety questions. Center for Sustaining Agriculture and Natural Resources (CSANR) FFCT provides information on current agricultural practices and research, access to educational publications, a calendar of regional conferences and events, and information on issues affecting agriculture in Western Washington. Grow Your Own Native Landscape: A Guide to Identifying, Propagating, and Landscaping with Western Washington Native Plants
Organic Matter Dynamics In Mixed-farming Systems Of The West African Savanna: A
tool in West African smallholder mixedfarming systems, but its the viability ofa mixed-farming system of of fertilization and cropping practices from the
http://etdindividuals.dlib.vt.edu/archive/00000003/

Extractions: ETD Individuals Home About Browse Search ... Help Manlay, Dr R.J. (2000) Organic matter dynamics in mixed-farming systems of the West African savanna: a village case study from south Senegal . UNSPECIFIED, Institute of Forestry, Agricultural and Environmental Engineering (ENGREF) http://www.engref.fr. Full text available as: 10-Appen.pdf Organic matter (OM) is a multi-purpose tool in West African smallholder mixed-farming systems, but its supply has been decreasing for several decades. To assess the viability of a mixed-farming system of south Senegal, carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P; available in soil and noted POD) budgets (stocks and flows) were thus quantified. Stocks in plant and soil averaged 54.7 tC, 2.63 tN and 43.5 kgP ha 1 in old fallows. They were 97, 29 and 251 % higher than in the bush cropped fields, plant biomass accounting for nearly all of the rise. C, N and P amounts recorded in the soil of compound fields were higher than those of the bush field, but the increase was restricted mainly to the 10 cm layer. However, the rather weak response of local sandy soils to management can be interpreted only by reassessing the bio-thermodynamical signification of soil organic carbon cycling in the maintenance of the integrity of local agroecosystems.
EUROPA - Agriculture - Report Scenarios For Co-existence Of
developing possible monitoring systems needed for verification, and at estimatingthe costs of relevant changes in farming practices, monitoring systems and of
http://europa.eu.int/comm/agriculture/publi/reports/coexistence/index_en.htm
NBI Conservation Farming Project: Research Overview
They will analyse social systems to determine how innovations are spread amongstthe farming community, and adopt new land use management practices and to
http://www.nbi.ac.za/consfarm/cfres.htm

Extractions: Conservation Farming Introduction Schedule Study Sites Staff ... Home A comprehensive assessment of conservation farming must measure and analyse various aspects of both farming systems and the natural and social environments. In order to achieve this, we need to evaluate the following: The broad objectives given above necessitate our taking a multidisciplinary approach to the research programme. The table below lists the specific research areas that we have adopted to address the broad project objectives. Biodiversity assessments -plants
Water Quality And Farming Practices In An Agricultural Watershed
effort began in 1990 to evaluate the effect of farming practices on water quality.As detailed by Onstad et al. (1991) the Management systems Evaluation Area
http://www.epa.gov/owow/watershed/Proceed/hatfield.html

Extractions: Note: This information is provided for reference purposes only. Although the information provided here was accurate and current when first created, it is now outdated. Papers included in Watershed 96 proceedings reflect the opinions of the authors and do not necessarily represent official positions of the Environmental Protection Agency. J.L. Hatfield, Laboratory Director Iowa State University, Ames, IA Web Note: Plesae note that images for this session of the Watershed 96 Proceedings are not available at this time, but will be available soon. Tillage practices, herbicide rates and formulations, and fertilizer use records are collected for every field within the watershed through farmer surveys. There are over 70 operators within the watershed and these are surveyed each year. Data collected for each field are placed in a ARC/INFO data base in order to provide a Geographical Information System (GIS) coverage of the watershed. Field records are combined with the water and soil observations to relate farming practices to environmental quality. Intensive studies are conducted in specific fields to evaluate the movement of herbicides and nitrate-nitrogen in the soil, the movement of water within the landscape around potholes, and the spatial variation of soil properties and responses to different tillage practices within a field. Observations are collected with a Global Positioning System (GPS) in order to provide georeferenced coordinates to relate the sampling site to specific soil map units and field locations.
Grants
Improve agricultural producers' understanding of alternative farming practices throughintegrated cropping systems trials and establishment of onsite learning
http://www.wkkf.org/Programming/Grants.aspx?CID=4&CatID=21
STRATEGIC IMPORTANCE OF ICIS
but on details of cropping practices and their tools such as geographic informationsystems (GIS) and further fuel demand for detailed data on farming systems.
http://www.icis.cgiar.org/ICIS_CIMMYT.htm

Extractions: CIMMYT is committed to managing crop information and corporate memory through ICIS and SINGER. There are huge economies in intellectual development, programming, testing, maintenance, training and partnerships with national agricultural systems in these collaborative endeavors. CIMMYT Wheat and Maize Programs look to ICIS as an integrated software and information system that: Adds value to seed. Links islands of data. Integrates disciplines. Supplies the essential knowledge base for crop improvement and natural resource management. Seamlessly joins conservation, utilization and exchange of genetic material. Implement fully operational local read/write systems for NARSs. Convert the following type of wheat data (currently available on CD) to the ICIS structure: Genotypes identified (unique selections or accessions): Crosses identified: Names of wheats, triticales or barleys: Selected data by country or organization Genotypes entered Trial data sets Argentina Australia Brazil Canada China CIMMYT India USA Develop a strategy for adding maize genealogy and performance data.
Center For Integrated Agricultural Systems
A sustainable agriculture research center at the University of Wisconsin. Details of research, local Category Science Agriculture Sustainable Agriculture Integrated Agricultural systems brings together university faculty, farmers, policymakers and others to study relationships between farming practices, farm
http://www.wisc.edu/cias/
Butterflies In Organic And Conventional Farming Systems
cropped habitat to a greater extent than nonpest species, and increase the species'resilience to farming practices common in conventional systems, such as
http://www.wildcru.org/farming/organic/butterflies.htm

Extractions: by Ruth feber The majority of non-pest butterflies recorded on farmland are common species, usually associated with hedgerow or grassland habitats. A number of these species are relatively sedentary, and may have specific larval food requirements. The pest butterflies, the large and small whites, however, are highly mobile, and their larvae will feed on a wide range of cruciferous and related food-plants. In our study, most of the non-pest butterflies were associated with the uncropped field boundary habitat. The nature of the boundary varied considerably between fields and farms but, overall, non-pest butterfly abundance was significantly higher on organic than on conventional boundaries. Absence of herbicide application to the hedge base, and better hedgerow management, are likely to account for this result. We suggest that improving the management of uncropped field boundaries is perhaps the most productive conservation measure for butterflies on farmland, and this can be achieved under a range of farming systems. By contrast with the boundary habitat, the abundance of non-pest butterflies did not differ significantly for any given crop type between systems, although our small sample size at this level of analysis warrants a cautious interpretation.
WATER QUALITY STUDIES IN WALNUT CREEK WATERSHED: MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS EVALUATION A
the Management systems Evaluation Areas (MSEA) program. The goal of this programwas to quantify the effect of existing and new farming practices on water
http://www.nstl.gov/research/onepage/walnut.html

Extractions: The impact of farming practices on ground or surface water quality has been studied at the small scale but rarely at the watershed scale. The National Soil Tilth Laboratory has been a part of the Water Quality Initiative through the Management Systems Evaluation Areas (MSEA) program. The goal of this program was to quantify the effect of existing and new farming practices on water quality in the Corn Belt. Approach Through the farmer surveys we have been able to quantify the load of herbicide and fertilizer applied throughout the watershed. These have been coupled with the discharge loads to reveal that less than 2% of the herbicides applied are lost through surface runoff, subsurface drainage, or ground water movement. The water balance for the watershed shows that about 45-47% of the precipitation is lost through subsurface drainage, 45-48% is lost through crop water use, and between 5-10% moves into ground water. The largest loss of agrichemicals is nitrate-nitrogen and these amounts have ranged from 3 to 65 kg ha . Efforts are underway to change nitrogen management practices within one subbasin. Walnut Creek watershed has become an integral part of the MSEA program and represents the combined efforts of a number of individuals.
About CIAT: Sustainable Systems For Smallholders
packages of improved crop varieties and new management practices were often not tobear on technology development within the context of whole farming systems.
http://www.ciat.cgiar.org/about_ciat/smallholders.htm

Extractions: About CIAT Mission Project Portfolio Crop Focus Target Agroecosystems ... Project Portfolio The Challenge Considerable effort has gone into developing new technologies for and with these farmers, but the resulting "packages" of improved crop varieties and new management practices were often not suited to farmers' circumstances. To ensure that innovations are appropriate, it is vital that farmers' perspectives and skills be brought more fully to bear on technology development within the context of whole farming systems. Particular attention must be paid to farmers' concern about minimizing the risks associated with new technologies. Moreover, in addressing problems of natural resource degradation, research must be carried out, not just with individual farmers, but at the community and landscape levels. Numerous organizations are working to reduce poverty and natural resource degradation in rural communities, but there is a general lack of coordination among them, and many pursue a supply- rather than client-driven approach. Thus, an important challenge is to create frameworks for a multi-institutional, participatory approach that solves farmers' most urgent problems by integrating new crop varieties with improved management practices in agricultural landscapes.
BBSRC - The Science We Support - 7 Areas - Agri-Food - Themes - SAS
Sustainable Agricultural systems (SAS international policies, together with consumerdemands for more environmentally acceptable farming practices and foodstuffs
http://www.bbsrc.ac.uk/science/areas/af/themes/sas.html

Extractions: See also: Research database Agri-Food Committee Themes and Priorities Contact Dr Simon Kerley About this theme Changes in national and international policies, together with consumer demands for more environmentally acceptable farming practices and foodstuffs, challenge UK farmers to find new ways of maintaining productivity and profitability. Agriculture is also, increasingly, expected to deliver a range of environmental benefits, as well as agricultural products. The SAS theme is concerned with basic and strategic research on the biology and mathematics of sustainable agricultural systems, in which systems for the production of crops and farmed animals are maintained in a stable and productive equilibrium with the broader environment, so that environmental and financial risks are minimised. In the context of this theme, an agricultural system includes not only agricultural land, but also associated natural habitats (e.g., woodland) in the rural landscape that may affect or be affected by agricultural practices. Hence, the biology of agricultural systems embraces crops, domestic animals and crop-associated species (including pests, pathogens, weeds, "beneficials" and soil organisms), together with those species in associated natural habitats that may affect or be affected by agricultural practices. Aquacultural systems also fall within the scope of the theme.
Reducing Nitrate In Water Resources With Modern Farming Systems
Account of research showing lower rates of nitrate leaching from soil with reduced tilling practices.
http://www.idea.iastate.edu/idea/marketplace/pdf/fs_waving.pdf
WebGuest - Open Directory Science Agriculture Farming
Dairy Producers Alliance Network of organic dairy farmers in Northeastern, US,promoting ethical, ecological and economically sustainable farming practices.
http://directory.webguest.com/index.cgi/Science/Agriculture/Farming_Practices_an
Organic Farming In Science > Agriculture > Farming Practices And Systems
Ecological Synergy(tm). Highyield organic-based small-scale farming . Klauke FamilyFarm. Organic Alliance Website. Organic farming, Groceries, and Recipes.
http://ilectric.com/browse/web/Science/Agriculture/Farming_Practices_and_Systems

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Expert Systems For Better Farming Practices
Expert systems for the Peanut Industry FARM SUITE is a broad suite of softwaredesigned to improve decisionmaking for the US peanut industry.
http://nprl.usda.gov/Research/ExpertSystems.htm
AnsMe Directory - Science > Agriculture > Farming Practices And Systems > Organi
Sponsors. Web Directory Organic farming. http//www.ebfarm.com/. 5. EcologicalSynergy(tm) High-yield organic-based small-scale farming .
http://dir.ansme.com/science/26668.html
Biologically Integrated Farming Systems
Biologically Integrated farming systems (BIFS). state legislature, uses a wholesystem approach to demonstrate innovative farming practices that enhance
http://www.sarep.ucdavis.edu/bifs/

Extractions: Growers discuss alternative treatments for apples at Apple BIFS field day, Brentwood, CA. BIFS, established in 1995 by the UC Regents at the request of the California state legislature, uses a "whole system" approach to demonstrate innovative farming practices that enhance biological processes while reducing degradation of natural resources. In partnership with farm advisors and researchers, participating farmers implement alternative growing practices that simultaneously involve pest management, soil building, irrigation, waste management and other biological and cultural practices. These practices are designed to reduce negative environmental impacts such as pollution from agricultural chemicals, animal waste, and soil erosion. A 13-member Program Advisory Review Board reviews BIFS project proposals and provides program guidance. For more detailed information on the history, approach and accomplishments of the BIFS program, see BIFS Program Overview Request for Proposals No requests for proposals (RFPs) for BIFS projects are out at this time. For information on the most recent RFP, see
Farming Practices
Typical Conventional practices. WEED and PEST CONTROL Biological and mechanicalsystems; reliance on beneficial insects and ecological balance less problems
http://www.roselandorganicfarms.com/farming_practices.htm

Extractions: Opportunities Roseland Organic Methods and Principles Typical Conventional Practices NITROGEN: For sustainable healthy soil, it is collected from the air and recycled through "green manure's." NITROGEN: Usually non-sustainable inputs of synthetic fertilizers. MINERALS: Released from soil reserves and recycled. MINERALS: Mined, processed and imported onto farms from "outside." WEED AND PEST CONTROL: Biological and mechanical systems; reliance on beneficial insects and ecological balance: less problems with weeds and pest insects as years pass using when necessary using better equipment, roto-tillers, etc. WEED AND PEST CONTROL: Yearly inputs of herbicides and insecticides; more problems with pest control as predators are killed off with pesticides; repeat applications often necessary; many insects and weeds build up a resistance to chemicals. ENERGY: Some generated and collected on the farm; less energy use as pesticides not used.
Indigenous Technical Practices In A Rice-based Farming Systems
Development. Draft. Indigenous Technical practices in a Ricebased Farmingsystems. I. Indigenous cropping systems. Indigenous cropping
http://www.ciesin.org/docs/004-195/004-195.html

Extractions: Reproduced, with permission, from: Rajasekaran, B. 1993. Indigenous technical pratices in a rice-based farming system. Ames, IA: Center for Indigenous Knowledge for Agriculture and Rural Development. Draft. Indigenous cropping systems are those cropping systems that have been practiced for generations and still hold promise in meeting the food requirements of a growing population. Most of the cropping systems are well suited to the diversified agro-ecological conditions. Sequential cropping is a system of cropping in which farmers sow two or three short duration crops in succession, especially legumes or oilseeds in lines between trees. Sequential cropping is adopted in marginal lands or dry lands. Sequential cropping contributes significantly to protein production for marginal and small-scale farmers. Mixed cropping is a system of cropping in which farmers sow more than two crops at the same time. Farmers normally sow a mixture of legume and oilseed crops with an objective to meet protein and fat requirements. By sowing more than two crops, farmers try to avoid risks due to failure of any one crop. Mixed cropping is usually followed under rainfed conditions. Monocropping is a system of cropping in which farmers cultivate the same crop in all three seasons in a year. Large-scale farmers who have access to irrigation prefer monocropping.

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